近世前欧洲“歇斯底里”概念内涵刍议  被引量:1

On the Connotation of the Concept of European“Hysteria”from Ancient to Modern Times

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作  者:赵秀荣[1] ZHAO Xiurong(History School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区:[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出  处:《安徽史学》2022年第6期105-115,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

摘  要:“歇斯底里”概念是医疗史上最古老、最有争议的话题之一。在古希腊罗马时期,“歇斯底里”症状被认为是子宫移动导致。自中世纪至近代,“歇斯底里”的概念内涵涉及巫术及欲望,且“歇斯底里”被认为是女性特有的疾病。“歇斯底里”概念内涵演变的历史是一部女性被污名化的历史。究其原因在于古代至近世的欧洲社会是父权制的,自古以来的偏见从未消失;社会对男女性道德持双重标准;“歇斯底里”并非女性的本性使然,而是社会文化因素造就。不同时代对“歇斯底里”相同的症状提出完全不同的解释,但不变的是“歇斯底里”的性别内涵。The Concept of hysteria is a most ancient and contentious topic in European medical history.Hysteria was believed that it was caused by wombs wondering during Greek-Rome period.From the Medieval to the Modern period,symptoms of hysteria were also believed to be the sign of a witch and woman’s lust,also it solely belonged to female.The history of Hysteria is the history of stigmatization of woman.The reasons for this were that society was a patriarchal society and there were double standards held against woman in Europe from ancient time to modern period.Hysteria was not in women’s nature,but the result of culture and the environment.Different eras have put forward completely different explanations for the same symptoms of hysteria,though the gender connotation of the concept never changes.

关 键 词:欧洲 女性 “歇斯底里” 概念内涵 

分 类 号:K507[历史地理—历史学]

 

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