施氮量、种植密度对寒地盐碱条件下水稻产量及干物质积累的互作效应  

Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Planting Density on Rice Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation under Saline-Alkali Conditions in Cold Region of China

作　　者：马波 来永才[1,3] 王俊河 刘传增[1,2] 刘凯 胡继芳[1,2] 谭可菲 王麒[1,3] 卞景阳 赵富阳[1,2] 刘蕊 MA Bo;LAI Yongcai;WANG Junhe;LIU Chuanzeng;LIU Kai;HU Jifang;TANG Kefei;WANG Qi;BIAN Jingyang;ZHAO Fuyang;LIU Rui(Northeast Branch of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center,Harbin 150000,China;Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161006,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150000,China;Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心东北分中心,哈尔滨150000 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院,哈尔滨150000 [4]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163000

出　　处：《中国稻米》2022年第6期89-93,共5页China Rice

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项“主要农作物提质增效栽培技术(HNK2019CX12-07)”;寒地水稻种质资源创制与应用(HNK2019CX02);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目“国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心东北分中心建设(CZKYF2020A001)”。

摘　　要：为明确氮肥和种植密度互作对寒地盐碱条件下水稻产量及干物质积累的影响,以龙粳21为材料进行试验。结果表明,水稻产量与施氮量、种植密度均呈显著的二次曲线关系,盐碱条件下龙粳21最佳产量的单因子施氮量和种植密度分别为169.9±5.0 kg/hm^(2)和32.9±1.0丛/m^(2)。盐碱条件下中等施氮量和较高密度互作更易获得高产;高氮肥和高密度配合能够获得较高的齐穗期干物质积累量和LAI,但产量却显著下降;中等氮肥用量和中等密度配合能够获得较高的齐穗期剑叶光合速率,从而增加水稻产量。盐碱条件下高氮肥和高密度配合更易获得较多穗数,但中等施氮量和较低的密度配合更易获得大穗,氮肥和种植密度对千粒重不存在互作效应。因此,氮肥、种植密度科学合理配合,构建适宜的群体结构,才会发挥寒地盐碱地水稻的产量潜力。In order to clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density interaction on rice yield and dry matter accumulation under salt-alkali conditions in cold region,Longgeng 21 was used as the material to conducted experiment.The results showed that rice yield had a significant quadratic relationship with nitrogen fertilizer and planting density.Under the saline-alkali conditions,the single-factor nitrogen application rate and planting density of Longgeng 21 were 169.9±5.0 kg/hm^(2) and 32.9±1.0 clumps/m^(2),respeclives.The interaction of moderate nitrogen application and higher planting density was more likely to obtain high rice yield.The combination of high nitrogen fertilizer and high planting density could obtain higher dry matter accumulation and LAI while the yield was significantly reduced at the full heading stage.The combination of medium nitrogen fertilizer and medium planting density could obtain higher photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the full heading stage,thereby increasing rice yield.The combination of high nitrogen fertilizer and high planting density was more likely to receive more numse of spikes,but the combination of medium nitrogen application and low planting density was easier to obtain larger spikes.There was no interaction effect between nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on thousand-grain weight.Therefore,it is necessary to scientifically and rationally cooperate with nitrogen fertilizer and planting density to build a reasonable group structure,and thus rice yield potential in the saline-alkali land of cold regions can be realized.

关 键 词：水稻 氮肥 种植密度 互作效应 盐碱地 寒地 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学]