播期对寒地粳稻产量及温光资源利用的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Utilization of Temperature and Sunshine Resource of Japonica Rice in Cold Regions

作　　者：刘猷红 张俊[5] 唐傲[1,2,4] 刘凯 张喜娟 董文军[1,2,4] 孟英[1,2,4] 来永才 LIU Youhong;ZHANG Jun;TANG Ao;LIU Kai;ZHANG Xijuan;DONG Wenjun;MENG Ying;LAI Yongcai(Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Northeast Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Design and Germplasm Innovation,Harbin 150086,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心东北中心,哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院,哈尔滨150086 [4]黑龙江省作物分子设计与种质创新重点实验室,哈尔滨150086 [5]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国稻米》2022年第6期113-117,共5页China Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300501);国家自然科学基金(31701503);国家科技重大专项和重点研发项目(课题)省级资助(GX18B002);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX02,HNK2019CX12)。

摘　　要：研究了播期对寒地稻区优质粳稻产量、生育期及温光资源利用的影响。结果表明,播期推迟,优质粳稻生育进程延迟,生育期缩短,主要与出苗至齐穗期日均温升高、全生育期日均光照时数减少有关;播期推迟,全生育期积温和光照时数利用率呈下降趋势,优质粳稻产量逐渐降低,减产的主要原因是在于有效穂数和穗粒数的减少。产量与气候因子的相关分析表明,出苗至齐穗期的日均温与相对产量呈极显著负相关,这是播期推迟导致产量降低的主要原因之一,而出苗至成熟期的太阳辐射与相对产量呈极显著正相关,说明在寒地稻区太阳辐射对水稻产量形成有正向作用。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seeding date on yield,growth stage and utilization of temperature and sunshine resource of high-quality japonica rice,clarify the main meteorological factors affecting rice yield in cold regions,so as to provide a basis for the scientific selection of high-quality japonica rice sowing dates.The results showed that the growth duration of high-quality japonica rice reduced and the growth stages shortened with the delay of sowing date,which was related to the increase of the daily average temperature from seedling stage to heading stage and the decrease of the daily average light hours in whole growth period.With the delay of sowing date,the accumulated temperature and illumination hours for growth stages and the yield of high-quality japonica rice decreased,the main reason for the reduction in yield was the decrease in the number of panicle and the number of grains per panicle.The correlation analysis between yield and climate factors showed that the daily average temperature from seedling stage to heading stage had a significant negative correlation with the relative yield,which was one of the main reasons for the decline of japonica rice yield,while the solar radiation from seedling stage to maturity stage had a significant positive correlation with the relative yield,indicating that solar radiation had a positive effect on yield formation of rice in cold regions.

关 键 词：优质粳稻 播期 生育期 温光资源利用 产量 

分 类 号：S511.042[农业科学—作物学]