野生动物刑法保护的理念嬗变与立法完善  

Transmutation of the Concept of Wildlife Criminal Law Protection and Legislative Improvement

作　　者：詹红星[1] 王李 ZHAN Hongxing;WANG Li(Department of Law,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期60-67,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）

基　　金：中国法学会部级法学研究基础研究重点激励课题“盛世仁政:‘存留养亲’在清代的规范构造与司法实践”(CLS(2022)J02)。

摘　　要：野生动物保护是建设生态文明的内在要求。我国野生动物刑法保护规范经历了从无到有、从粗糙到精细化的发展过程。对野生动物的刑法保护理念也随之经历了嬗变,从以经济价值为核心逐渐转变为以生态保护与生物安全、公共卫生安全并举的二元“生态+安全”价值导向。但现行刑法对野生动物的保护仍在行为方式、行为目的、完善与前置规范衔接等方面上存在不足。为更好保护野生动物资源、实现生态保护与防范公共卫生安全风险的二元目标,建议在现行刑法的基础上增设针对珍贵、濒危野生动物的伤害、持有型罪名;取消现行刑法第341条第3款中的“以食用为目的”要件;完善与前置“禁食”野生动物规范的衔接,将“食用”野生动物的行为纳入刑法规制范围。以此与其他法律共同建立体系完整、系统协调的野生动物保护体系,进一步维护生态安全,预防生物安全风险,防范公共卫生安全风险,贯彻“生态+安全”的野生动物保护理念。Wildlife protection is an inherent requirement for building ecological civilization. China′s wildlife criminal law protection norms have undergone the development process from non-existence to existence, from roughness to refinement.The concept of criminal law protection of wild animals has also undergone transmutation, from economic value as the core to ecological protection and bio-safety, public health and safety, to the dual “ecology + security” value orientation.However, the protection of wildlife under the current criminal law is still inadequate in terms of behavior, purpose of behavior, and improvement of the interface with the previous norms. In order to better protect wildlife resources and achieve the dual objectives of ecological protection and public health and safety prevention, it is suggested that the current criminal law should be expanded to include crimes of injury and possession of precious and endangered wildlife;the element of “for the purpose of consumption” in Article 341, paragraph 3, should be abolished;and the linkage with the preceding regulations should be improved. In addition, it should improve the connection with the preceding “wildlife prohibition” and incorporate the act of “eating”wildlife into the scope of criminal law. It aims to establish a complete and systematic wildlife protection system together with other laws, further maintain ecological security, prevent bio-safety risks, prevent public health and safety risks, and implement the “ecology + safety” wildlife protection concept.

关 键 词：野生动物保护 野生动物资源 立法 生物安全 公共卫生安全 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]