13种稻田常用农药对克氏原螯虾幼虾的急性毒性  

Acute toxicity of 13 pesticides in rice field to juvenile Procambarus clarkii

作　　者：陈婕 沈亚强[1] 王晔青 宋瑜 孙祥良[1] 曹奎荣[1] CHEN Jie;SHEN Ya-qiang;WANG Ye-qing;SONG Yu;SUN Xiang-liang;CAO Kui-rong(Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science,Jiaxing 314016,Zhejiang,China;Soil and Fertilizer and Plant Protection and Rural Energy Station of Jiaxing,Jiaxing 314050,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴市农业科学研究院,浙江嘉兴314016 [2]嘉兴市土肥植保与农村能源站,浙江嘉兴314050

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2022年第6期10-16,共7页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：嘉兴市科技计划项目(2021AZ10016);浙江省“三农六方”科技协作计划(2021SNLF002)。

摘　　要：本研究采用室内静水法(试验用水pH 7.48,温度(25±1)℃,水体耗氧量≤1.2 mg/L)测定了13种水稻田常用药剂对质量约8~15 g的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾的急性毒性。结果显示:60 g/L二甲四氯·400 g/L灭草松、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺、10%井冈霉素、50%戊唑醇·25%肟菌酯和30%吡唑醚菌酯等5种药剂在10000 mg/L攻毒条件下试验虾72 h的存活率均为100%,稻虾田可放心使用;50%丁草胺、10%氰氟草酯、25 g/L五氟磺草胺、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸、20%烯啶虫胺·80%吡蚜酮、5%阿维菌素乳油、5%阿维菌素水分散粒剂、3%阿维菌素微乳剂等8种药剂对克氏原螯虾幼虾的24 h LC_(50)分别为1945.36、112.85、2884.03、141.25、5.13、39.58、275.42、358.92 mg/L;48 h LC_(50)分别为931.11、74.56、2275.10、117.49、4.07、37.15、173.78、272.27 mg/L;72 h LC_(50)分别为574.12、66.07、1949.85、102.68、3.55、33.69、147.91、237.14 mg/L;96 h LC_(50)分别为466.66、58.55、1786.49、97.27、3.02、32.36、138.04、210.14 mg/L。结果表明,80%烯啶·吡蚜酮对克氏原螯虾幼虾的毒性最高,根据国家标准,属于中毒,稻虾田中应避免使用,其他7种药剂可在正确指导下使用。The acute toxicity of 13 pesticides to juvenile Procambarus clarkii(body weight 8-15 g)were studied under laboratory conditions(pH of test water was 7.48,while temperature was(25±1)℃,and the oxygen consumption was less than or equal to 1.2 mg/L).The results showed that the safe concentrations(SC)of five kinds of pesticides including 60 g/L hipton·400 g/L benazone,200 g/L chlorantraniliprole,10%jinggangmycin,50%tebuconazole·25%trifloxystrobin,30%pyraclostrobin for juvenile P.clarkii were all higher than 10000 mg/L,and can be used safely in rice and shrimp fields.The mean static acute 24 h LC_(50) of the other eight pesticides including 50%butachlor,10%cyhalofop-butyl,25 g/L penoxsulam,20%fluroxypyr,20%nitenpyram·80%pymetrozine,5%abamectin EC,5%abamectin WG,3%abamectin ME to juvenile P.clarkii were 1945.36,112.85,2884.03,141.25,5.13,39.58,275.42,358.92 mg/L respectively.While the mean static acute 48 h LC_(50) were 931.11,74.56,2275.10,117.49,4.07,37.15,173.78,272.27 mg/L respectively.The mean static acute 72 h LC_(50) were 574.12,66.07,1949.85,102.68,3.55,33.69,147.91,237.14 mg/L respectively.The mean static acute 96 h LC_(50) were 466.66,58.55,1786.49,97.27,3.02,32.36,138.04,210.14 mg/L.The results indicated that the acute toxicity of 20%nitenpyram·80%pymetrozine to juvenile P.clarkia was the highest,according to the national standard,it belonged to the medium-toxic substance,which should be avoided in rice and shrimp fields.However,the other seven pesticides can be used under correct guidance.

关 键 词：农药 克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii) 急性毒性 半致死浓度 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]