低剂量糖蜜添加对吉富罗非鱼养殖水质和微生物代谢多样性的影响  

Effect of low-dose molasses addition on water quality and microbial metabolic diversity of tilapia aquaculture

作　　者：杨泳 王新池 尹统统 宋超[1,2] 孟顺龙[2] 范立民[1] YANG Yong;WANG Xin-chi;YIN Tong-tong;SONG Chao;MENG Shun-long;FAN Li-min(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2022年第6期36-43,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-46)。

摘　　要：为研究低剂量糖蜜添加对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)养殖水体水质指标、水体微生物代谢多样性的影响。本实验选取初始体质量为(10±0.13)g的健康吉富罗非鱼,随机分为对照组(C)、10%糖蜜添加组(10S)、20%糖蜜添加组(20S)、40%糖蜜添加组(40S)4个组进行养殖实验,实验周期60 d,每7 d进行一次水质指标检测。运用Biolog-ECO法探究养殖水体微生物代谢多样性。实验结果显示:添加低剂量糖蜜可以有效降低罗非鱼养殖水体中无机氮的含量,对不同形态氮的去除率NO_(3)^(-)-N>NO_(2)^(-)-N>NH_(3)-N且实验组平均去除率显著高于对照组。通过Biolog微平板分析养殖水体微生物群落对31种碳源利用能力,AWCD值结果表明不同微生物对碳源的利用能力随时间增加而增加;低剂量糖蜜添加组的微生物活性明显高于对照组。进行主成分分析后发现微生物群落主要利用的碳源类型为氨基酸类、酯类和酸类。低剂量糖蜜添加组与对照组间微生物群落碳源代谢差异主要体现在对聚合糖类、氨基酸类和酸类碳源的利用,致使微生物利用碳源能力与偏好不同的主要原因是微生物群落结构的差异。实验结果表明,当低剂量糖蜜添加比例为20%时,可有效兼顾成本与效用,降低水体中氨氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮的含量并改变养殖水体微生物代谢多样性。Tilapia is an important economic fish.With the rapid development of intensive aquaculture technology,high-density aquaculture produces a large amount of metabolites and high-protein feed residue deposits,which can easily lead to deterioration of aquaculture water quality,affect the regular feeding and growth of aquaculture organisms,and even lead to disease and death.The use of molasses as a carbon source to add to aquaculture water to improve water quality is widely used in Southeast Asian countries.However,the research on low-dose molasses addition is incomplete.The healthy tilapia with an initial weight of(10±0.13)g were selected and randomly divided into control group(C),10%molasses addition group(10S),20%molasses addition group(20S)and 40%molasses addition group(40S)in this experiment to study the effects of low-dose molasses supplemetation on water quality index and microbial metabolic diversity of Oreochromis niloticus.The breeding period is 60 days.,water quality indicators were tested every seven days.Biolog-ECO method was used to explore the microbial metabolic diversity in aquaculture water.The experimental results showed that adding low-dose molasses could effectively reduce the content of inorganic nitrogen in tilapia aquaculture water,and the removal rate of different forms of nitrogen was nitrate nitrogen>nitrous Nitrogen>ammonia nitrogen.The average removal rate of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Biolog microplates were used to analyze the microbial community′s utilization of 31 carbon sources in aquaculture water.The microbial activity of the low-dose molasses-added group was significantly higher than the control group.After principal component analysis,it was found that the main types of carbon sources utilized by the microbial community were amino acids,esters and acids.The differences in carbon source metabolism in microbial communities between groups were mainly reflected in the utilization of polymeric carbohydrates,amino acids and acids as c

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼(GIFT Oreochromis niloticus) 低剂量糖蜜 水质 Biolog-ECO 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]