巴旦木脱青皮机的改进设计与试验研究  

Improved design and experimental study of almond peeling machine

作　　者：石鑫[1,2] 杨豫新 牛长河 吐鲁洪·吐尔迪[1,2] 杨会民 张丽[1,2] 陈毅飞 SHI Xin;YANG Yuxin;NIU Changhe;Tuluhong Tuldi;YANG Huimin;ZHANG Li;CHEN Yifei(Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Forest Fruit,Cotton Equipment and Facility Agricultural,Ministry of Agriculture,Urumqi Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业部林果棉与设施农业装备技术科学观测试验站,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2022年第6期268-275,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区林业发展补助资金项目(XJLYKJ-2021-17)。

摘　　要：为进一步提高巴旦木脱青皮工作效率,基于原巴旦木脱青皮机设计了一种滚筒刷式巴旦木脱青皮机。通过改变原机结构,将组合式定滚筒改为一体式动滚筒;基于多头螺旋辊结构将脱皮转轴转变为分段脱皮的作业模式,通过不同工件对实现喂料、破皮、揉搓,确定了关键部件结构参数;改变了传动形式,实现了多工件同源驱动、等速比运动,通过改进样机脱皮转轴结构和传动配置,可在工作中避免物料积存,消除壅堵。制作了滚筒刷式巴旦木脱青皮机,实测效果表明:改进后样机在主轴转速300 r·min^(-1)、间隙20 mm、喂入速度750 kg·h^(-1)时,脱净率为96.26%、破损率为2.36%,对比原巴旦木脱青皮机具有喂入稳定、脱皮过程流畅等优势,脱净率增长2.10%、破损率降低1.68%。研究结果可为研发巴旦木初加工设备和提高脱皮机械性能提供科学参考。To further improve the work efficiency of almond peeling,a roller brush type almond peeling machine was designed based on the original almond peeling machine.By changing the structure of the original machine,the combined fixed roller was replaced by an integrated dynamic moving roller.The peeling spindle was transformed into a segmented peeling operation mode based on the multi-headed spiral roller structure.The structural parameters of key components were determined by feeding,breaking and rubbing of different workpiece pairs.The transmission form was changed,and the multi-workpiece homologous drive and constant speed ratio motion were realized.Improving the structure and transmission configuration of the peeling shaft of the prototype could help avoid the accumulation of materials and eliminate congestion.The roller brush type almond peeling machine was made.The experimental results showed that the improved prototype had a 96.26%threshing rate and a 2.36%breaking rate when the spindle speed was 300 r·min^(-1),the clearance was 20 mm and the feeding speed was 750 kg·h^(-1).Compared with the original almond peeling machine,the improved prototype had the advantages of stable feeding and smooth peeling process,with a 2.10%increase in the threshing rate and a 1.68%reduction in the breaking rate.The results of the study have provided a scientific reference for research and development of primary processing equipment and improvement of peeling machine performance.

关 键 词：巴旦木 青皮 脱皮转轴 脱净率 破损率 

分 类 号：S226.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]