大连1951—2020年玉米生长季旱涝分析  

Analysis of Drought and Flood in Corn Growing Season in Dalian from 1951 to 2020

作　　者：张萌 林文忠 ZHANG Meng;LIN Wen-zhong(Dalian Ganjingzi District Agricultural Development Service Center,Dalian,Liaoning 116039;Dalian Pulandian District Agricultural Development Service Center,Dalian,Liaoning 116200)

机构地区：[1]大连市甘井子区农业发展服务中心,辽宁大连116039 [2]大连市普兰店区农业发展服务中心,辽宁大连116200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第21期211-214,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]研究玉米生长季旱涝变化特征及其发生规律。[方法]利用1951—2020年大连地区气温和降水资料,采用水平衡及旱涝指数方法,研究玉米生长季需水与降水的平衡关系以及旱涝特征。[结果]近70年大连地区玉米生长季降水量呈减少趋势,气候倾向率为-10.60 mm/10 a,其中,播种—苗期降水呈弱增加,拔节—吐丝—成熟期降水量呈减少趋势;玉米需水量呈增加趋势;旱涝指数呈减小趋势;气候湿润程度呈下降趋势。播种—苗期、吐丝—成熟期以旱灾为主,播种—苗期中旱+重旱频率达41.7%,吐丝—成熟期中旱+重旱频率达60.0%;拔节—吐丝期以涝为主,中涝+重涝频率达35.7%;玉米全生长期中涝+重涝频率为14.3%,中旱+重旱频率为22.9%。[结论]大连地区旱、涝灾害同时存在,旱灾存在加强的趋势,对农业生产影响较大,应加强完善灾害预警平台建设。[Objective] To study the variation characteristics and occurrence regularity of drought and flood in corn growing season. [Method]Using the temperature and precipitation data in Dalian area from 1951 to 2020, the water balance and drought-flood index methods were used to study the balance relationship between water demand and precipitation and the characteristics of drought and flood in the growing season of corn.[Result] In the past 70 years, the precipitation in the growing season of corn in Dalian area showed a decreasing trend, and the climatic trend rate was-10.60 mm/10 a. Among them, the precipitation in the sowing-seedling stage showed a weak increase, and the precipitation during jointing-silking-maturing stage presented a decreasing trend;the water demand of corn presented an increasing trend. The drought and flood index presented a decreasing trend. The humidification degree of climate presented an decreasing trend. Drought was dominant in sowing-seedling stage and silking-maturing stage, the frequency of moderate drought + serious drought reached 41.7% during sowing-seedling stage and 60.0% during silking-maturing stage. Waterlogging was the main factor during jointing-silking stage, the frequency of moderate waterlogging + heavy waterlogging reached 35.7%;the frequency of moderate waterlogging + heavy waterlogging was 14.3%, and the probability of moderate waterlogging + heavy waterlogging was 22.9% during the whole growth period of corn.[Conclusion]Drought and waterlogging existed in Dalian area, and drought had a strengthening tendency, which had a great impact on agricultural production. Therefore, the construction of disaster early warning platform should be strengthened and improved.

关 键 词：玉米 生长季 旱涝指数 水平衡 大连 

分 类 号：S423[农业科学—植物保护]