植物盐胁迫适应性机制研究进展  

Review of Plant Adaptation Mechanism to Salt Stress

作　　者：黎远东 江海霞 谢丽琼 LI Yuan-dong;JIANG Hai-xia;XIE Li-qiong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第6期1585-1593,共9页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060426);新疆维吾尔自治区资源平台项目(PT1808)。

摘　　要：盐胁迫是最重要的非生物胁迫之一,严重威胁植物的生长发育。了解植物盐胁迫适应性机制有利于科学选育耐盐作物,进而有效利用盐地滩涂,减轻日益增加的粮食压力。盐胁迫导致植物体内离子失衡、渗透紊乱以及毒性物质积累,特别是活性氧(ROS,reactive oxygen species)。为了适应盐胁迫,植物需要平衡细胞离子、重塑渗透势并维持ROS稳态。在过去遗传学和生理生化研究揭示了大量的植物盐胁迫响应和调控因子,它们通过多重复杂的胁迫信号通路调控植物的耐盐性。本文综述了近年来盐胁迫下植物的感知、信号转导、基因表达调控、激素调控以及适应性响应,归纳了一套较为完整的植物盐胁迫响应机制。Salt stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses,which seriously threatens the growth and development of plants. Understanding the adaptive mechanisms of plant to salt stress is beneficial for the breeding of salt tolerant crops and the effective use of saline land to meet the increasing demand of food supply. Salt stress causes ion imbalance,osmotic derangement,and accumulation of toxic substances,especially reactive oxygen species(ROS),in plants. To adapt to salt stress,the plants have to balance cellular ions,remodel osmotic potential and maintain ROS. The former researches on the genetic,physiological and biochemical subjects have revealed a large number of plant regulators responding salt stresses,which might modulate plant salt tolerance through multiple and complex stress signal pathways. This paper reviews the salt sensing,signal transduction,gene expression regulation,phytohormone regulation and adaptive response of plants under salt stress,and provides a relatively complete summary of plant salt stress response mechanisms.

关 键 词：盐胁迫 信号转导 激素调控 适应性响应 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]