软物质中Frank-Kasper相研究进展  

Progress on Frank-Kasper phases in soft matter

作　　者：章欣然 张伟民[1] 张茂鑫 张翱[1] 吴倜[1] 张春秀[1] 于海峰[2] ZHANG Xin-ran;ZHANG Wei-min;ZHANG Mao-xin;ZHANG Ao;WU Ti;ZHANG Chun-xiu;YU Hai-feng(College of Printing and Packing Engineering,Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京印刷学院印刷与包装工程学院,北京102600 [2]北京大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《液晶与显示》2022年第12期1520-1530,共11页Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21905028);北京市自然科学基金(No.2222055,No.11605012);北京市教委科技计划一般项目(No.KM201910015010,No.KM201410015004,No.KM202010015008);北京印刷学院项目(No.Ea202202,No.Ee202203,No.Eb202105)。

摘　　要：人类对于物质微观结构的探索从未停止过,理解粒子如何在空间堆叠对科学家和技术人员都是一个挑战。在弱相互作用和熵焓竞争的驱动下,软物质经常表现出丰富的自组装形貌和相结构。其中最吸引人的Frank-Kasper相是一种介于晶体和准晶之间的过渡态,具有高配位数(配位数为14,15,16)的二十面体壳层密堆积的复杂球形相结构。软物质为Frank-Kasper相研究提供了新奇的分子与组装结构,同时还丰富和发展了Frank-Kasper相。本文主要对能形成Frank-Kasper相的小分子表面活性剂、嵌段共聚物、树枝状大分子以及巨型两亲分子等软物质进行了简要综述。该类结构可以用于研究非均一性、易变形软球体在空间的堆积,并对软物质自组装形成复杂拓扑密堆积结构的机制以及理解准晶的生长机理等都具有重要意义。Man’s exploration of the microstructure of matter has never stopped,and understanding how particles stack up in space is still remaining a great challenge for scientists and technicians.The soft matter often shows abundant self-assembly morphologies and phase topological structures due to the drive of weak intermolecular interactions and the competition of entropic enthalpies.Among them,Frank-Kasper phases are the most fascinating,which have complex topologically dense stacking structures.As a transition state between crystal and quasicrystal,the Frank-Kasper phase has a kind of complex spherical phase structure with a dense icosahedral shell and a high coordination number(CN=14,15,16).The soft matter offers novel molecular and self-assembled structures for study of Frank-Kasper phase.This paper presents a brief review of the research process on soft matters such as small molecule surfactants,block copolymers,dendritic macromolecules and giant amphiphilic molecules that can form Frank-Kasper phases.These soft matters can be used as a material for studying the spatial accumulation of non-homogeneous and deformable soft spheres.The Frank-Kasper phase plays a crucial role in the mechanism of soft matter self-assembling into complex topological close-packing structures,which should contribute to understanding the growth mechanism of quasicrystals.

关 键 词：软物质 Frank-Kasper相 自组装 液晶 

分 类 号：O753.3[理学—晶体学]