新疆不同产区灰枣和骏枣的质构分析  

Texture analysis of Hui jujube and Jun jujube in different production areas of Xinjiang

作　　者：黄瑶 刘丰鸣 赵文 孙佳 万胜 王利娜 王姝婧 杨智鹏 马路婷 禄彩丽 李建贵[1,3] HUANG Yao;LIU Fengming;ZHAO Wen;SUN Jia;WAN Sheng;WANG Lina;WANG Shujing;YANG Zhipeng;MA Luting;LU Caili;LI Jiangui(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;College of Grassland and Environment Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Jujube Engineering Technology Research Center,Urumqi 830013,Xinjiang,China;College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆红枣工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830013 [4]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第3期65-76,共12页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项“黑核桃、杏李等优良林木资源筛选与提质增效关键技术研发及示范”(ZYYD2022B15);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“红枣产业降本增值提效关键技术研发与示范”(2020A02002-1);新疆红枣产业技术体系建设专项(XJCYTX-01-03-2021)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立量化评价枣果品质的最佳方法,为确定食用和加工枣果的适宜采收期提供参考。【方法】在环塔里木盆地15个具有代表性的新疆主要红枣种植县市的枣园进行采样,采用TA-XT plus质地分析仪中TPA模式采集质地参数,应用主成分分析、聚类分析方法分析各产区完熟时期灰枣、骏枣果实质地品质指标。【结果】灰枣的TPA参数中硬度、胶着度及咀嚼度最大的均为巴州若羌县的灰枣,巴州且末县灰枣的黏附性均大于其他产区,灰枣的内聚性、回复性最大的分别是阿克苏地区沙雅县、阿瓦提县的灰枣,和田地区灰枣的各TPA参数均偏低。各产区骏枣中:果实硬度最大的是阿克苏新和县的骏枣;果实弹性最大和最小的均为巴州骏枣,分别是若羌县骏枣、库尔勒市骏枣;果实胶着度、咀嚼度、回复性最小的均为和田骏枣,分别是洛浦县骏枣和皮山县骏枣。依据果实质地指标将213份灰枣、骏枣均分为3类:第Ⅰ类灰枣、骏枣均分布在阿克苏地区;第Ⅱ类灰枣均分布在巴州,第Ⅱ类骏枣分布在阿克苏地区、巴州、和田;第Ⅲ类灰枣、骏枣均分布在阿克苏、巴州、和田3个产区。【结论】将213份新疆不同产区的灰枣、骏枣供试枣样分为3类。第Ⅱ类枣果均属于综合排名靠前的产区,其中:灰枣样品共10份,即巴州若羌县灰枣9份,阿克苏沙雅县灰枣1份;骏枣样品共20份,分别是阿克苏的温宿县3份、库车县2份、阿拉尔市1份、新和县1份、阿瓦提县3份,和田的策勒县4份、民丰县1份、于田县1份,巴州的若羌县1份、尉犁县1份、轮台县2份。【Objective】The best method of quantitative evaluation of jujube fruit quality was established to provide reference for determining the suitable harvest time of edible and processed jujube fruit.【Method】Samples were collected from jujube orchards of 15 representative jujube planting counties in Xinjiang around Tarim Basin, and texture parameters were collected by TPA mode in TA-XT plus texture analyzer. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the fruit texture quality indexes of Hui jujube and Jun jujube in each production area during ripening period.【Result】The hardness, viscosity and chewiness of Hui jujube were the highest in Ruoqiang county of Bazhou, and the viscosity of Hui jujube in Qimo county of Bazhou was higher than that in other producing areas.The cohesiveness and resilience of Hui jujube were the highest in Shaya county and Awati county of Aksu, and the TPA parameters of Hui jujube in Hotan were low. Jun jujube in each production area: the largest fruit hardness was Jun jujube in Aksu Xinhe county;the largest and smallest fruit elasticity were Bazhou Jun jujube, which were Ruoqiang Jun jujube and Korla Jun jujube;hetian Jun jujube had the smallest fruit viscosity, chewiness and resilience, which were Jun jujube in Luopu county and Jun jujube in Pishan county, respectively. According to the fruit texture index, 213 Hui jujubes and Jun jujubes were divided into three categories: typeⅠHui jujubes and Jun jujubes were distributed in Aksu region;type ⅡHui jujubes were distributed in Bazhou, type Ⅱ Jun jujubes were distributed in Aksu, Bazhou, Hotan;class Ⅲ Hui jujube and Jun jujube were distributed in Aksu, Bazhou and Hotan.【Conclusion】213 Hui jujube and Jun jujube samples from different regions of Xinjiang were divided into three categories. Among them, the fruits of the second category belonged to the forefront of the comprehensive ranking, and the number of Hui jujube samples in the second category was 10, that was, 9 Hui jujube samples from Ru

关 键 词：灰枣 骏枣 TPA评价 果实质地品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]