凤丹栽培群体表型多样性分析及综合评价  

Phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation in Paeonia ostii cultivated population

作　　者：谭万庆 彭丽平 刘政安[1] 佟宁宁 宋苗苗 舒庆艳[1] TAN Wanqing;PENG Liping;LIU Zheng’an;TONG Ningning;SONG Miaomiao;SHU Qingyan(Key Laboratory of Plant Resources,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第3期180-191,共12页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32072605);河北师范大学分子细胞生物学教育部重点实验室开放课题(MCB-KF-2021-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确凤丹栽培群体的表型多样性及变异规律,并初步筛选凤丹选育过程中的主要及次要指标。【方法】以河北地区栽植的239株凤丹实生苗群体为研究对象,对其26个表型性状进行调查,采用多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和通径分析等分析方法,对凤丹表型性状进行综合评价及评选指标的筛选。【结果】凤丹不同单株间表型变异丰富,26个表型性状的变异系数为10.50%-57.39%,多样性指数为1.15-2.09,生长性状的变异系数小于果实性状的,而生长性状的多样性指数高于果实性状的;由26个表型性状构成的两两组合中,4/5以上的组合之间均存在不同程度的相关性,有23个性状与单株种子质量之间均呈极显著相关;聚类分析结果表明,在平方欧氏距离为16时,26个表型性状被聚为6类,其中,冠幅、坐果数与单株产量性状构成1个分支;回归分析结果表明,单株果实质量、单粒质量、单角质量、单角种子质量、复果种子数和角数均能与单株种子质量构成最优的回归方程;以单株种子质量的平均值与标准差为评价指标,结合主成分分析中反映果实性状的第1主成分,筛选出了12株优良单株,并确定以单株种子质量平均值+2倍标准差为优良单株的快速筛选标准。【结论】在凤丹选育过程中,可将单株种子质量、单株果实质量、坐果数和冠幅作为主要评选指标,而将复果种子数、复果种子质量、单角质量、单角种子质量和角数作为次要评选指标及重点改良性状。【Objective】In order to clarify the phenotypic diversity and variation rules in Paeonia ostii cultivated population, and initially screen the main and secondary selection indexes for the selection and breeding of P. ostii.【Method】26 phenotypic traits of the 239 seedlings of P. ostii cultivated population in Hebei province were investigated,and analysis of diversity, correlation, principal component, cluster and path were comprehensively conducted to evaluate the relationship of characteristics and select important ones.【Result】The phenotypic variation was abundant among different individual plants, and the variation coefficient of traits was 10.50%-57.39%, among which the growth-related traits were lower than that of fruit-related traits. While, the range of diversity index was from 1.15 to 2.09 and the growthrelated traits was higher than that of fruit-related ones. More than four out of five combinations of 26 phenotypic traits were correlated in different degrees, and 23 traits were significantly correlated with individual plant seed mass. Cluster analysis of genetic distance showed that 26 phenotypic traits were clustered into 6 classes at the squared Euclidean distance of 16, crown, fruit number and yield per plant into one subclass. Regression analysis result further indicated that the mass of individual plant fruit, single seed, single follicle, single follicle seed, and number of multiple fruit seed and follicle could form the optimal regression equation with individual plant seed mass. Meanwhile, combining the average value and standard deviation data of individual plant seed mass with the score of the first principal component that represented fruit-related traits, 12 elite individual plants were screened out, and the average value of individual plant seed mass plus double standard deviation was determined to be a suitable standard for rapid screening of elite individual plants.【Conclusion】The mass of individual plant seed and fruit, fruit number and crown can be used as the main selectio

关 键 词：凤丹 单株种子质量 表型变异 优良单株 

分 类 号：S685.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]