环剥和绞缢处理对早熟杏品种‘苏勒坦’光合特性的影响  

Effects of girdling and constriction treatments on photosynthetic characteristics of an early-maturing apricot variety ‘Suletan’

作　　者：王璇 章世奎[3] 王洁 牛莹莹[1,2] 周伟权[1,2] 赵世荣[1,2] WANG Xuan;ZHANG Shikui;WANG Jie;NIU Yingying;ZHOU Weiquan;ZHAO Shirong(Characteristic Fruit Tree Research Center,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Crop Science Postdoctoral Mobile Station,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Fruits Germplasm Resources Garden of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Luntai,Luntai 841600,Xinjiang,China.)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学作物学博士后流动站,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业科学院轮台果树资源圃,新疆轮台841600

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第3期236-243,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：新疆农业大学作物学博士后流动站项目“极端高温干旱区早熟杏碳水化合物分配机制的研究”;新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项“新疆杏、李种质资源保存和共享能力提升”(PT2007);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目“杏果实成熟过程中内源乙烯合成及代谢研究”(XJEDU2020Y016)。

摘　　要：【目的】对比分析环剥和绞缢处理对早熟杏品种‘苏勒坦’果实发育不同阶段光合特性的影响情况,明确不同处理方式对‘苏勒坦’杏光合效率和果实发育的调控作用,为‘苏勒坦’杏光合同化产物分配调控的研究提供理论参考依据。【方法】在‘苏勒坦’杏盛花后14 d,选取树冠外围中部阳面的3~4年生结果枝组,在其基部分别进行环剥和绞缢处理,以不作处理的为对照,观测不同处理下不同发育阶段叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、胞间CO浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及果实单果质量的变化差异,综合分析不同处理方式对叶片光合特性及果实发育的影响情况。【结果】叶片光合能力随着果实发育而逐渐提升。盛花后49 d时,不同处理之间叶片光合能力的差异最大,环剥和绞缢处理均显著提高了‘苏勒坦’杏叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,降低了其胞间CO浓度。盛花后49 d时,与对照的相比,环剥和绞缢处理的叶片叶绿素含量分别提高了3.20%与5.43%,其净光合速率分别增加了13.25%与24.40%,其气孔导度分别增加了7.83%与27.61%,其蒸腾速率分别增加了16.58%与37.81%;而对照的胞间CO浓度最高,比环剥和绞缢处理的分别高18.84%与8.61%。‘苏勒坦’杏果实发育曲线表现为“快—慢—快”的双“S”型曲线,环剥处理后果实的缓慢生长期缩短了7 d,绞缢处理后果实的缓慢生长期基本消失。果实第1次快速生长期,环剥和绞缢处理与对照之间单果质量和叶片光合能力的差异均不显著;而在果实缓慢生长期的初期,环剥和绞缢处理与对照之间单果质量和叶片光合能力的差异均逐渐增大。环剥和绞缢处理均能有效提高单果质量,果实成熟时环剥和绞缢处理的单果质量比对照的分别增加了10.78%与15.94%。【结论】环剥和绞缢处理均能提高叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸�【Objective】Comparative analysis of the girdling and constriction on photosynthetic characteristics of early maturing apricot cultivar ‘Suletan’ at different stages of fruit development were studied to identify the effects of different treatments on photosynthetic efficiency and fruit development of ‘Suletan’ apricot, which provided a theoretical reference for the study of the distribution regulation of photosynthetic assimilation products in ‘Suletan’ apricot.【Method】On the 14^(th) day after the full bloom period, a group of 3-4 years old fruiting branches on the sunny side in the middle of the canopy was selected and treated by girding and strangulation at the base of branches, with no treatment as a control.The changes of leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_(2) concentration, stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and single fruit mass were studied in different development stages of fruit development under different treatments, and the effects of different treatments on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit development impact were comprehensively analyzed.【Result】The leaf photosynthetic capacity gradually increased with fruit development. At 49days after full bloom, the photosynthetic capacity among different treatments showed the largest difference. The treatment of girdling and constriction significantly increased the chlorophyII content, net photosynthetic rate, stoma conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves of ‘Suletan’ apricot, and reduced the intercellular CO_(2) concentration. At 49 days after full bloom, compared to the control, the chlorophyII content of the leaves of the circling and constriction treatments were 3.20% and 5.43% higher than that of the control, respectively;the Net photosynthetic rate increased by 13.25%and 24.40% than the control, respectively;the stomatal conductance increased by 7.83% and 27.61%, respectively;the transpiration rate increased by 16.58% and 37.81%, respectively;the intercellular CO_(2) concen

关 键 词：‘苏勒坦’杏 环剥 绞缢 叶绿素 光合特性 单果质量 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]