柔性气凝胶材料的制备及应用研究进展  

Research Progress on Preparation and Application of Flexile Aerogel Materials

作　　者：师建军[1,2] 王伟 朱伟[3] 梁科 孔磊[1,2] 杨云华 朱世鹏[1,2] 张莹 李宇[4] SHI Jianjun;WANG Wei;ZHU Wei;LIANG Ke;KONG Lei;YANG Yunhua;ZHU Shipeng;ZHANG Ying;LI Yu(Aerospace Research Institute of Materials&Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China;Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composite Laboratory,Beijing 100076,China;School of Biology and Biological Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory,China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]航天材料及工艺研究所,北京100076 [2]先进功能复合材料技术重点实验室,北京100076 [3]华南理工大学生物科学与工程学院,广州510006 [4]中国运载火箭技术研究院空间物理重点实验室,北京100076

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第22期148-156,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2037206,51702076)。

摘　　要：气凝胶是一种纳米级多孔固体材料,具有高比表面积、极高的孔隙率、极低的密度、极低的热导率等优点,但也存在脆性高、柔韧性差的问题。近年来,具有良好压缩回弹特性和抗弯折性能的柔性气凝胶克服了传统气凝胶柔韧性差的缺点,受到研究人员的广泛关注。本文首先概括了柔性气凝胶的种类,根据气凝胶材料组成成分的不同,将其分为氧化硅柔性气凝胶、碳基柔性气凝胶、生物质柔性气凝胶和纤维质柔性气凝胶;然后,系统总结了柔性气凝胶常用的制备方法,如溶胶-凝胶、老化、干燥等工艺,对比分析了不同制备工艺生产的气凝胶在性能上的差异;此外,介绍了柔性气凝胶在环保、光学、生物医学、柔性电子传感器以及航空航天等领域的应用;最后对柔性气凝胶的发展做了总结和展望。Aerogel is a nano-scale porous solid material, which has the advantages of high specific surface area, extremely high porosity, extremely low density and extremely low thermal conductivity, but also has the problems of high brittleness and poor flexibility. In recent years, flexible aero-gels with prominent compression-resilience properties and flexural resistance have overcome the shortcomings of poor flexibility of traditional aerogels, and thus receive extensive attentions. This review firstly summarizes the types of flexible aerogels according to the components, including silicon oxide-based flexible aerogel, carbon-based flexible aerogel, biomass-based flexible aerogel and fibrous-based aerogel. Then, the related traditional preparation methods, such as sol-gel, aging, drying and so on, and also the differences in properties produced by different preparation processes have been systematically summarized. Furthermore, the applications of flexible aerogels in different fields such as environmental protection, optics, biomedicine, flexible electronic sensors and aerospace have been introduced. Finally, the development of flexible aerogels has been summarized and prospected.

关 键 词：柔性气凝胶 溶胶-凝胶 氧化硅 力学性能 

分 类 号：V25[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ427.26[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]