城市化影响下区域水文要素演变特征研究  

Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Regional Hydrological Factors under Urbanization

作　　者：代凌辉[1,2] 张东锋 吴伟 DAI Ling-hui;ZHANG Dong-feng;WU Wei(Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute,Kaifeng 475004,Henan Province,China;Henan Engineering Research Center of Eco-hydraulic for Small Watershed,Kaifeng 475004,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利职业技术学院,河南开封475004 [2]河南省小流域生态水利工程技术研究中心,河南开封475004

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第11期13-19,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

摘　　要：城市经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,使得地表硬化面积增加,加之城市建筑群密度增加,改变了区域水文循环和能量循环特征。为进一步摸清城市化影响下区域水文要素演变特征,选取北京市城区作为研究区域,在实测资料的基础上,采用数理统计方法,结合ArcGIS软件,分析1980-2018年间土地利用变化特征;探索在城市化影响下区域降水、气温的变化及相关性。主要得出以下结论:在土地利用方面,1980-1990年北京市城区土地利用类型变化不大,说明该时期土地利用开发较为平稳。1990年以后进入城市化发展的快速时期,土地开发活动较为活跃,土地利用类型变化剧烈,耕地面积和建设用地面积变化明显,主要表现为耕地面积大幅减少,建筑面积显著增加,绿地面积和水面面积略有增加。其中,耕地面积由635 km^(2)缩减到137 km^(2),面积减少了498 km^(2),占总面积比重由46.1%减少到9.9%,总变幅为78.4%;建设用地面积由563 km^(2)增加到1049 km^(2),面积增加了486 km^(2),占总面积比重由40.9%增加到76.1%,总变幅为86.3%。在影响水文要素方面,城区、郊区年降雨量和最大5日降雨量均呈下降的趋势,随着城市化进程的发展城区降雨雨量和发生频次要高于郊区;大雨以上量级降雨日数有所增加,6-9月气温呈现上涨,月平均气温涨幅在1.81~2.72℃,其中8月份月平均气温涨幅最大;大雨以上量级降雨日数与6、7、8三个月的气温序列呈现正相关。研究结果对了解北京市现状条件下水文要素变化提供依据,对北京市防汛工作提供技术支撑。With the development of urban economy and the acceleration of urbanization,the surface hardening area and the density of urban buildings increased,which changes the characteristics of regional hydrologic cycle and energy cycle.In order to further understand the evolu⁃tion characteristics of regional hydrological factors under the influence of urbanization,Beijing is selected as the research object.On the ba⁃sis of measured data,mathematical statistics method combined with ArcGIS software is used,the characteristics of land using change from 1980 to 2018 is analyzed.The variation and correlation of regional precipitation and temperature under the influence of urbanization is ex⁃plored.The main conclusions are as follows.In terms of land use,from 1980 to 1990,the land use types in Beijing urban area did not change much,indicating that the land use development was relatively stable during that period.After 1990,it was the rapid period of urbanization,and the land development activities were relatively active,and the land use types changed dramatically,the cultivated land area and con⁃struction land area changed significantly.The area of cultivated land decreased significantly,the area of building increased significantly,and the area of green land and water surface increased slightly.Among them,the area of cultivated land decreased from 635 km^(2) to 137 km^(2),the area decreased by 498 km^(2),and the proportion of the total area decreased from 46.1%to 9.9%,with a total variation of 78.4%.The area of construction land increased from 563 km^(2) to 1049 km^(2),the area increased by 486 km^(2),and the proportion of construction land in the total area increased from 40.9%to 76.1%,with a total variation of 86.3%.In terms of influencing hydrological factors,the rainfall and the maxi⁃mum 5-day rainfall in urban and suburban areas showed a decreasing trend.With the development of urbanization,the rainfall amount and occurrence frequency in urban areas are higher than those in suburban areas.The number of days with

关 键 词：城市化 土地利用 降水 气温 城区 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]