不同排水模式下农田污染物消纳规律研究  

Research on the Pollutant Consumption Law of Farmland under Different Drainage Modes

作　　者：房凯 李磊[2] 周国胜[3] 王彦东 武鹏[2] 王中文 刘亮军 丁继辉[3] FANG Kai;LI Lei;ZHOU Guo-sheng;WANG yan-dong;WU Peng;WANG Zhong-wen;LIU Liang-jun;DING Ji-hui(Suqian Water Conservation Management Service Center,Suqian 223800,Jiangsu Province,China;Suqian Water Conservancy Bureau,Suqian 223800,China;College of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China;Suyu Water Conservancy Bureau,Suqian 223800,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省宿迁市节约用水管理服务中心,江苏宿迁223800 [2]江苏省宿迁市水利局,江苏宿迁223800 [3]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098 [4]江苏省宿豫区水利局,江苏宿迁223801

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第11期141-147,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：宿迁市重点科技研发计划项目(s202101);江苏省水利科技项目(2021054)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同排水模式下农田污染物消纳规律,以宿迁市宿城区运南生态灌区为研究对象,进行实地选点、采样及测定污染物含量,研究了不同排水系统(系统一:沟闸调蓄系统,系统二:田沟直排系统,系统三:有闸无农沟系统)对污染物的消纳效果。结果表明:对比三种沟道系统对污染物的消纳效果发现,系统一消纳污染效果最好;在灌溉季节,7、8月份农田排水沟道系统消纳污染物的效果最好;在非灌溉季节,由于系统三斗沟的节制闸门长期关闭,沟内积水浑浊,大量藻类、浮萍等覆盖水面,导致5、11月份斗沟中的COD浓度最高;系统二的沟道系统虽然完善,但是无节制闸门,干沟至支沟的高差较大,水流流速快,农田排水在沟道中停留时间短,不利于充分发挥沟道系统截污功能。因此,就农田排水系统发挥消纳污染物的功能而言,应在支沟、干沟和农沟末端布置节制闸或者溢流坝,或减小沟道坡度来减缓水速使得沟道消纳污染物的时间延长。In order to explore the pollutant consumption law of farmland under different drainage modes,taking Yunnan ecological irrigation area in Sucheng District of Suqian City as the research object,the site selection,sampling and determination of pollutant contents are carried out,and the pollutant removal effects of different channel systems(System 1,Ditch gate regulation and storage system;System 2,farmland ditch direct drainage system;System 3,with gate and without agricultural ditch system)are studied.The results show that compared with the three channel systems,the effect of system 1 is the best.In the irrigation season,the pollutant removal effect of farmland drainage ditch sys⁃tem is the best in July and August.In the non-irrigation season,due to the long-term closure of the sluice gate of the bucket ditch in system 3,the ponding in the ditch is turbid,and a large number of algae and duckweed cover the water surface,resulting in the highest COD con⁃centration in the bucket ditch in May and November.Although the ditch system of system 2 is relatively perfect,there is no control gate,the height difference ranging from the main ditch to the branch ditch is large,the flow velocity is fast,and the residence time of farmland drain⁃age in the ditch is short,which is not conducive to giving full play to the sewage interception function of the ditch system.Therefore,as far as the farmland drainage system plays the function of absorbing pollutants,the sluice or overflow dam should be arranged at the end of the branch ditch,main ditch and agricultural ditch,or the slope of the ditch should be reduced to slow down the water velocity,so as to prolong the time of absorbing pollutants in the ditch.

关 键 词：沟道系统 面源污染 灌区农田 时空变化 

分 类 号：S273.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]