土质路面降雨产流产沙及水力参数响应  

Response of Runoff,Sediment Yield and Hydraulic Parameters under Simulated Rainfall Tests on Unpaved Earth Road Surface

作　　者：张强[1] ZHANG Qiang(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第11期148-152,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：西北农林科技大学人才基金项目(Z109021131)。

摘　　要：黄土高原农田与果园分布区内及周边存在大量裸露的土质道路,是当地人民进行农业生产活动的季节性通道,也是土壤侵蚀的重要来源和径流泥沙输送通道,给当地人民生产生活和自然生态环境造成严重影响。为解决该问题,以黄土高原土质路面为研究对象,采用室内人工模拟降雨结合放水冲刷的试验方法,研究了裸露路面和植草路面的产流产沙特征,分析了土壤剥蚀率与径流水力学参数的关系,结果表明:①路面植草后土壤剥蚀率降低18.25%~63.28%;②植草后短期内会增加路面降雨径流系数;③裸露路面土壤剥蚀率与径流流速、径流剪切力呈极显著相关关系,与水流功率和过水断面单位能量呈显著相关关系,且与水流功率拟合关系最优,其次为水流剪切力;④植草路面土壤剥蚀率与上述水力学参数均呈极显著相关关系,且与径流流速拟合关系最优,其次为水流剪切力。研究结果可为该地区土质道路水土流失防治提供科学参考。There are a large number of unpaved earth roads in farmland and orchards in Loess Plateau of China.These roads are not only a seasonal channel for local people to carry out agricultural production activities,but also an important source of soil erosion and a channel for runoff and sediment transportation,which has a serious impact on the production and life of locals and the natural ecological environment.In order to solve this problem,indoor simulated artificial rainfall and flow scouring tests are conducted to identify the variation characteristics of runoff,sediment yield and hydraulic parameters on unpaved and grass-covered earth road surface in Loess Plateau,and to analyze relation⁃ships of soil detachment rate and runoff hydraulic parameters.The results are as follows:①soil detachment rates decrease 18.25%~63.28%after planting grass on unpaved earth road surface.②runoff coefficients increase obviously on grass-covered earth road surface within a short period of time after grass is planted;③soil detachment rates have extremely significant correlation with runoff velocity,shear stress and sig⁃nificant correlation with stream power,unit energy of water-carrying section on unpaved earth road surface.The best simulation effect is stream power following shear stress;④soil detachment rates have extremely significant correlation with all hydraulic parameters on grasscovered earth road surface.The best simulation effect is runoff velocity following shear stress.The research results can provide a scientific ref⁃erence for the prevention and control of soil erosion on earth road surface in this area.

关 键 词：人工模拟降雨 放水冲刷 土壤剥蚀率 径流系数 水力学参数 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]