新中国成立初期“美国侵华史”书写体系的建构——以刘大年、卿汝楫的《美国侵华史》为例  

Construction of the Writing System of"History of American Aggression against China"in the Early Period of the Founding of New China:A Case Study of History of American Aggression against China Respectively by Liu Danian and Qing Ruji

作　　者：刘永祥[1] 于欣怡 Liu Yongxiang;Yu Xinyi(Institute of Chinese Social History,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学中国社会史研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《东方论坛（青岛大学学报）》2022年第6期87-98,共12页Eastern Forum（JOURNAL OF QINGDAO UNIVERSITY）

基　　金：国家“十四五”发展规划重大学术文化工程《(新编)中国通史》纂修工程《中国史学史》卷的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“美国侵华史”从“帝国主义侵华史”书写体系中独立出来并走向兴盛,是在抗战胜利以后,至新中国成立初期迎来高峰,产生了一系列著作和文章。其中,刘大年和卿汝楫的同名著作《美国侵华史》最具代表性。这一时期的美国侵华史书写,被赋予了多重使命,既要颠覆民国时期历史书写中的美国形象,又要与美国政界、学界所炮制的“对华友好”论展开斗争,旨在通过系统梳理美国侵华的历史事实,厘定“侵略—反侵略”的历史基调,重塑人民群众头脑中的历史记忆。尽管这一史学课题因政治需求而产生,但新史料的发掘、新问题的提出以及新视角的开拓等,都推动了中美关系史研究向前发展。就刘大年和卿汝楫的著作而言,两者在研究范式上均属于早期革命史范式,具有同一性。但由于对马克思主义唯物史观运用的娴熟程度不同,双方所建构的美国侵华史书写体系存在较大差异。刘著更符合历史实际,卿著则明显存在用史料比附经典作家论断的倾向。"The history of American aggression against China"emerged from the writing system of"the history of imperialist aggression against China"and began to flourish.It was after the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression that"the history of American aggression against China"reached its peak and produced a series of works and articles.Among them,the eponymous books History of American Aggression against China respectively written by Liu Danian and Qing Ruji are the most representative.During this period,the history books of American aggression against China were entrusted with multiple missions,which were not only to overturn the image of the United States in the history books published during the period of the Republic of China,but also to fight against the theory of"friendship to China"fabricated by the American political and academic circles,aiming at systematically combing the historical facts of American aggression against China,defining the historical tone of"aggression and anti-aggression",and reshaping the historical memory in the minds of the people.Although this historical subject was born out of political needs,the discovery of new historical materials,the raising of new questions and the exploration of new perspectives have all pushed forward the study of the history of Sino-American relations.As far as the works of Liu Danian and Qing Ruji are concerned,their study belongs to the paradigms of early revolutionary history and has the same identity.However,due to the different degrees of proficiency in the application of Marxist historical materialism,there are great differences in the writing systems of the history books of American aggression against China written by the two authors.Liu's writing is more in line with the historical reality,while Qing's writing obviously has the tendency of using historical materials to match the conclusions of classical writers.

关 键 词：刘大年 卿汝楫 美国侵华史 革命史范式 历史书写 

分 类 号：K271[历史地理—历史学]