福建民居的防御机制研究——以闽中土堡为例  

Research on the Defense Mechanism of Folk Houses in Fujian: A Case of the Forts in the Middle of Fujian

作　　者：朱广轶 Zhu Guangyi

机构地区：[1]华东建筑设计研究院有限公司

出　　处：《城市建筑》2022年第21期105-107,113,共4页Urbanism and Architecture

摘　　要：福建地区山高林密,地处边陲,清中晚期匪盗猖獗、红巾肆虐,宗族械斗也时有发生。为了稳定地从事生产,防御外敌侵入,古时先民一般营造大型木构夯土建筑,以便聚族而居。故而福建民居常带有防御性质,它们真切地反映出对自我与环境的深刻认知。闽中土堡是福建地区典型的防御性集合住宅,其形制来源于日常生活的防御需求及地域文化影响下的建筑传统。本文以闽中土堡为研究对象,通过田野调查、实地测绘对其防御机制进行系统性分析,为认识福建民居提供现实参考。Fujian is located in the border areas, where mountains are high and forests are densely. Bandits were rampant in the middle of late Qing Dynasty, and the Red Scarves raged. Family fighting also happened occasionally. In order to stably engage in production and defend against the invasion of enemies, the ancestors generally built large-scale wooden rammed earth buildings to live in groups.Therefore, Fujian folk houses often have a special defensive nature,and truly reflect the profound cognition of self and the environment.Forts in the middle of Fujian are a typical defensive residential architecture in Fujian, whose form comes from the defensive demands of daily life and the architectural traditional influenced by regional culture. This paper takes the forts in the middle of Fujian as the research object, and analyzes the defense mechanism systematically by field investigation and mapping, so as to provide a realistic reference for understanding Fujian folk houses.

关 键 词：福建民居 土堡 防御机制 乡土建筑 建筑设计 

分 类 号：TU241[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]