进口贸易如何影响就业?——来自中国八大经济区的经验证据  

How Does Import Trade Affect Employment?——Empirical Evidence from Eight Major Economic Zones in China

作　　者：许小平[1] 汪萌 Xu Xiaoping;Wang Meng(School of Economics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报》2022年第6期83-91,共9页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business

摘　　要：从区域发展不平衡的视角,利用中国30个省份2000—2019年的面板数据,实证研究进口贸易对国内就业的影响,以及这种影响在八大经济区之间的差异。研究结果显示:从整体来看,进口贸易会对国内就业水平产生负面影响,但对我国产业结构和部门结构优化、高技能劳动力增加和女性就业率产生积极影响。从局部来看,南部沿海和长江中游等地区的进口贸易对就业水平表现出正向影响;由于技术外溢的作用,东部沿海和北部沿海地区对产业、部门结构的优化作用更加显著;西南地区和西北地区是承接沿海地区制造业转移的主要地区,而东北地区存在就业岗位与技能不匹配的问题。为此,需进一步加大教育经费投入、支持职工在岗和转岗技能培训及完善就业竞争机制,以促进就业。From the perspective of unbalanced regional development,using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019,this paper empirically studies the impact of import trade on domestic employment and the differences among the eight major economic zones.The results show that:on the whole,import trade has a negative impact on the level of domestic employment,but has a positive impact on the optimization of industrial structure and sector structure,the increase of highly skilled labor force and the female.From a local point of view,the import trade in the southern coastal areas and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has a positive impact on the level of employment;due to the role of technology spillover,the eastern and northern coastal areas play a more significant role in optimizing the industrial and departmental structure;the southwest and northwest regions are the main areas to undertake the transfer of manufacturing in coastal areas,while the northeast region has the problem of mismatch between jobs and skills.To this end,it is necessary to further increase the investment in education,support worker’on-the-job and transfer skills training and improve the employment competition mechanism in order to promote employment.

关 键 词：进口贸易 劳动力 就业 八大经济区 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]