厦门地区2967例皮肤过敏性疾病患者变应原检测结果分析  

Analysis of allergen detection results in 2 967 patients with skin allergic diseases in Xiamen

作　　者：林玉蓉 于宇 欧阳玲 张玲 宋维芳 LIN Yurong;YU Yu;OUYANG Ling;ZHANG Ling;SONG Weifang(Department of Dermatology,the 73rd Group Army Hospital of PLA Army,Xiamen,Fujian 361000,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,the 73rd Group Army Hospital of PLA Army,Xiamen,Fujian 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院皮肤病科,福建厦门361000 [2]中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院检验科,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《国际检验医学杂志》2022年第22期2781-2785,2792,共6页International Journal of Laboratory Medicine

摘　　要：目的 探讨厦门地区皮肤过敏性疾病患者特异性免疫球蛋白E(IgE)检测结果,明确该地区皮肤过敏性疾病的常见变应原。方法 采用德国Mediwiss Analytic GmbH敏筛定量过敏原检测系统及免疫印迹法对2 967例皮肤过敏性疾病患者进行检测,分析变应原的分布及特点。结果 变应原特异性IgE总阳性率为56.29%(1 670/2 967),其中吸入性变应原阳性占66.77%,高于食物性变应原的33.23%(χ^(2)=375.569,P<0.001);吸入性变应原占比前5位依次为户尘螨(21.44%)、霉菌组合(9.64%)、树木组合(7.31%)、蟑螂(6.29%)、屋尘(5.69%),食物性变应原占比前5位为牛奶(8.14%)、腰果(6.95%)、蟹(4.07%)、苋(3.35%)、虾(3.05%)。男性患者变应原阳性率为53.77%,低于女性患者的58.48%(χ^(2)=6.457,P=0.011)。未成年患者主要对牛奶过敏(阳性率为11.07%),成年患者主要对户尘螨过敏(阳性率为13.79%)。夏季变应原阳性率高于其他季节,荨麻疹患者变应原阳性率高于过敏性皮炎、湿疹患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 厦门地区皮肤过敏性疾病的主要变应原为户尘螨、霉菌组合、牛奶、树木组合、腰果。特异性IgE抗体阳性率受性别、年龄、季节、地域、环境及皮肤过敏性疾病种类等因素影响而呈现一定的分布特点及规律。Objective To investigate the detection results of specific immunoglobulin E(IgE) in patients with skin allergic diseases in Xiamen, and to identify the common allergens of skin allergic diseases in this area.Methods A total of 2 967 patients with skin allergic diseases were detected by the German Mediwiss Analytic GmbH sensitive sieve quantitative allergen detection system and Western blotting, and the distribution and characteristics of allergens were analyzed.Results The total positive rate of allergen-specific IgE was 56.29%(1 670/2 967),of which 66.77% was positive for inhaled allergens, which was higher than 33.23% for food allergens(χ^(2)=375.569,P<0.001).The top 5 proportion of inhaled allergens was house dust mite(21.44%),mold combinations(9.64%),tree combinations(7.31%),cockroaches(6.29%) and house dust(5.69%),and the top 5 proportion of food allergens were milk(8.14%),cashew nuts(6.95%),crab(4.07%),amaranth(3.35%) and shrimp(3.05%).The positive rate of allergens in male patients was 53.77%,which was lower than 58.48% in female patients(χ^(2)=6.457,P=0.011).The minor patients were mainly allergic to milk(with positive rate of 11.07%),while the adult patients were mainly allergic to house dust mites(with positive rate of 13.79%).The positive rate of allergens in summer was higher than that in other seasons, and the positive rate of allergens in patients with urticaria was higher than that in patients with allergic dermatitis and eczema, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The main allergens of skin allergic diseases in Xiamen are house dust mite, mold combination, milk, tree combination and cashew.The positive rate of specific IgE antibody is affected by factors such as gender, age, season, region, environment and the type of allergic skin diseases, showing certain distribution characteristic and regularity.

关 键 词：变应原 特异性免疫球蛋白E 皮肤过敏性疾病 免疫印迹法 

分 类 号：R758.2[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学] R446.6[医药卫生—临床医学]