论金前期国王爵的兴废与女真世爵的演变  

On the rise and fall of Kingjue in the early Jin Dynasty and the evolution of the Jurchen Spyjue

作　　者：孙建权[1] 兰世林 Sun Jianquan;Lan Shilin(College of History Culture and Tourism,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学历史文化旅游学院,辽宁大连116081

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期145-150,共6页Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“碑刻文献与金朝史事研究”(18CZS016)。

摘　　要：金朝实行汉、女真双轨爵制。汉制封爵体系中“国王”爵的渊源可上溯至五代,其本质是乱世的权宜之制,金初曾大量沿用。海陵王即位后,统治趋于稳定,遂将其废除。关于女真世爵的演变,猛安谋克并不是由地方世袭官彻底转化为世爵,而是职、爵兼而有之,世袭猛安谋克并没有沦为虚衔,依然担负和以往类似的职务。谋克与猛安之间相对独立,极少发生迁转,主要归因于猛安谋克兼具领有户民和允许世袭的双重权利,前者的掺杂注定其不能成为真正意义上的爵位。章宗以降,女真世爵又先后发生了“职重爵轻”和“爵重职轻”的变化。金末,女真世爵终于彻底转变为与汉制封爵一样的虚衔。女真本位思想在金前期即已确立,世宗、章宗朝的女真文化复兴运动在很大程度上仅是这种本位思想的扩大。The Jin Dynasty implemented the dual-track Knighthood system of Han and Jurchen. The origin of “king” in the imperial system of Han Dynasty can be traced back to the Five Dynasties. Its essence is an expedient system in troubled times, and it was widely used in the early Jin Dynasty. After King Hailing ascended the throne, his rule became more stable and was abolished to strengthen the centralization of power. As for the evolution of Jurchen Spyker, Mengan and Moke are not completely transformed from local hereditary officials to Spyker, but both office and titles. Hereditary Mengan has not been reduced to a virtual title, but still assumes similar duties as before. The relatively independent relationship between Mongan and Moke rarely occurred transfer, mainly because Mengan and Moke had both the dual rights of owning households and allowing hereditary succession and the former was doomed to not become a title in the real sense. After the fall of Zhangzong, Jurchen Spyker had a change of “duty heavy jue light” and “Jue heavy duty light”. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, Jurzhen Spyker finally became a virtual title like the Han system. The Jurchen standard thought was established in the early Jin Dynasty, and the revival movement of Jurchen culture in the Shizong and Zhangzong Dynasties was only the expansion of this standard thought to a large extent.

关 键 词：金代 封爵 国王 猛安谋克 

分 类 号：K246.4[历史地理—历史学]