饵料、盐度和温度对刺巨藤壶幼虫生长发育的影响  

Effects of diets, salinity and temperature on the larval development of Megagbalanus volcano

作　　者：林岗[1,2] 饶小珍[1,2] LIN Gang;RAO Xiaozhen(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou350117,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resource Sustainable Utilization,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福州350117 [2]福建师范大学福建省特色海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室,福州350117

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第21期8628-8639,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：福建省高校产学合作项目(2018N5007)。

摘　　要：刺巨藤壶(Megabalanus volcano)是沿海污损生物的优势种,也是沿岸居民常食用的海鲜之一。为探究刺巨藤壶幼虫室内培养的适宜条件,采用生态学单因子梯度实验方法,研究饵料种类及密度、盐度(18、22、26、30、34、38和42)和温度(14℃、18℃、22℃、26℃、30℃和34℃)等生态因子对刺巨藤壶幼虫生长发育的影响,以Ⅵ期无节幼虫存活率、Ⅵ期无节幼虫发育时间、金星幼虫存活率、金星幼虫发育时间和金星幼虫体长等为观察指标。中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)均设置5×10^(4)个/mL、10×10^(4)个/mL、20×10^(4)个/mL、40×10^(4)个/mL和80×10^(4)个/mL 5个密度梯度,亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)设置2.5×10^(4)个/mL、5×10^(4)个/mL、10×10^(4)个/mL、15×10^(4)个/mL和20×10^(4)个/mL 5个密度梯度。结果表明,3种微藻的低密度组刺巨藤壶幼虫均不能发育至金星幼虫,而达到一定的藻密度幼虫均能发育至金星幼虫阶段;幼虫发育时间随藻密度的提高而降低;幼虫存活率和金星幼虫的体长一般随藻密度的提高而增加。中肋骨条藻80×10^(4)个/mL组的金星幼虫存活率高达41.33%、金星幼虫体长681.43μm;牟氏角毛藻80×10^(4)个/mL组的金星幼虫存活率高达43.67%、金星幼虫体长668.39μm;中肋骨条藻和牟氏角毛藻是培养刺巨藤壶幼虫的适宜饵料,最适密度是40×10^(4)个/mL和80×10^(4)个/mL。亚心型扁藻20×10^(4)个/mL组的金星幼虫存活率最高仅14.33%、金星幼虫体长仅554.60μm,因此亚心型扁藻不是培养刺巨藤壶幼虫的适宜饵料。除18盐度组幼虫只能发育到Ⅳ期无节幼虫外,22—42各盐度组的幼虫均能发育到金星幼虫阶段,30盐度组的金星幼虫存活率最高为35.67%;幼虫发育时间各盐度组相差不大;在22和26低盐培养下,金星幼虫的体长相对较长。26—34盐度是幼虫发育的适宜盐度。14℃和34℃温度组幼虫最多The acorn barnacleMegabalanus volcanois a dominant fouling organism of coastal ecosystem,and inhabits at low intertidal and subtidal areas in tropical and subtropical shores.To explore the suitable culture conditions ofM.volcano larvae,the effects of diets(species and density),salinity(18,22,26,30,34,38,42),and temperature(14℃,18℃,22℃,26℃,30℃,34℃)on the larval development ofM.volcanowere evaluated.The survival percentage of naupliarⅥ,survival percentage of cyprids and development time of naupliarⅥ,development time of cyprids cyprid length were investigated as observation indicators.Skeletonema costatum(5×10^(4)/mL,10×10^(4)/mL,20×10^(4)/mL,40×10^(4)/mL,80×10^(4)/mL),Chaetoceros muelleri(5×10^(4)/mL,10×10^(4)/mL,20×10^(4)/mL,40×10^(4)/m,80×10^(4)/mL)andPlatymonas subcordiformis(2.5×10^(4)/mL,5×10^(4)/mL,10×10^(4)/mL,15×10^(4)/mL,20×10^(4)/mL)were chosen as the diets ofM.volcano.Results showed the following.Nauplii could not develop to cyprids at a low algal density for 3 algae,and could develop to cyprids over than a certain density.The larval development time decreased with algal density,however the larval survival percentage and the cyprid length generally increased with algal density.The highest survival percentage of cyprids on a diet ofS.costatum(at 80×10^(4)/mL)was 41.33%,and the cyprid length was 681.43μm.The highest survival percentage of cyprids on a diet ofC.muelleri(at 80×10^(4)/mL)was 43.67%,and the cyprid length was 668.39μm.S.costatumandC.muelleriwere the suitable algae for rearingM.volcano.The optimum density for larval development on S.costatumandC.muelleriwas 40×10^(4)/mL and 80×10^(4)/mL.The highest survival percentage of cyprids on a diet of P.subcordiformis(at 20×10^(4)/mL)was 14.33%,and the cyprid length was 554.60μm.The survival percentage and length of cyprids on a diet ofP.subcordiformiswere much smaller than those on a diet ofS.costatumorC.muelleri.Therefore,P.subcordiformiswasn′t a suitable alga for rearingM.volcano.Nauplii ofM.volcanocould develop

关 键 词：刺巨藤壶 饵料 盐度 温度 无节幼虫 金星幼虫 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]