基于生命周期评价的本土化水足迹影响评价模型构建  

Indigenized life cycle water footprint impact quantification model construction

作　　者：马逍天 洪静兰 翟一杰 申晓旭 MA Xiaotian;HONG Jinglan;ZHAI Yijie;SHEN Xiaoxu(Weihai Institute of Interdisciplinary Research,Institute of Blue and Green Development,Shandong University,Weihai264209,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Qingdao266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学,蓝绿发展研究院,威海前沿交叉科学研究院,威海264209 [2]山东大学,环境科学与工程学院,青岛266237

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第21期8640-8649,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2021QG044);国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA065);国家自然科学基金项目(71974113)。

摘　　要：水足迹作为评价水资源消耗和污染情况的综合性指标,能够对水环境面临的环境风险进行科学系统的量化、评估和管理。针对传统水足迹影响方法未进行环境影响评估等问题,研究构建了一个符合ISO 14046国际标准的基于生命周期评价的通用型本土化水足迹影响评价模型。研究通过多介质逸度模型模拟了多介质污染物排放在环境中的迁移转换,从而剔除最终未进入到水介质的部分,同时仅考虑了与水环境有关的经口摄入途径,首创了集水稀缺影响、水污染生态与健康风险量化为一体的且适用于我国国情的水足迹评价模型。模型的构建可帮助实现水系统优化,有效控制二次污染及污染转移,实现精准管控。同时由于模型具有普适性,其也可为其他国家或区域开展生命周期水足迹影响评价提供理论支持和实践经验。此外,研究以某企业镍铁合金生产的水足迹影响评价为例,对模型的应用进行了示例研究。研究发现为该企业镍铁合金生产的水足迹影响主要来源于交通运输、焦炭生产、发电、压缩空气以及电极糊制备等间接过程。同时,为降低其环境负荷,需控制氮、磷、二氧化硫及铬、砷、汞、铜等重金属的排放。Water footprint, a comprehensive index used to evaluate water consumption and pollution status, can assess and manage the environmental risk of the water environment in a scientific and systematic manner. The traditional water footprint analysis method does not consider environmental impact assessment. This study proposed a general indigenized life cycle water footprint impact quantification model according to ISO 14046 international standard. The model simulated the migration and transformation of multi-media pollutants emissions through the multi-media fugacity model to eliminate the components that do not enter the water medium finally. Meanwhile, the intake pathway only considered the oral intake related to the water media. The study firstly proposed a water footprint assessment model which integrates water scarcity impact, ecology and health risk quantification originated from water pollution, and China′s national situation. This model can help to optimize the water system, control the secondary pollution and pollution transfer effectively, and achieve accurate control. Moreover, due to its universal, this model can provide theoretical support and practical experience for other countries or regions to carry out life cycle water footprint impact assessment. Additionally, this paper uses a water footprint analysis of ferronickel production as examples to conduct the application example research. The footprint impact of ferronickel production was mainly attributed to the indirect processes, including transportation, coke production, electricity supply, compressed air, and electrode paste preparation. Meanwhile, controlling nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur dioxide, and heavy metals(e.g., chromium, arsenic, mercury, and copper) emissions was effective for optimizing the environmental performance.

关 键 词：水足迹量化模型 生命周期评价 特征化参数计算 镍铁合金 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]