行政协议反向诉讼制度之逻辑机理  

The Logical Mechanism of the Reverse Litigation System of Administrative Agreement

作　　者：江利红 张宇帆 JIANG Lihong;ZHANG Yufan

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海201620

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2022年第6期77-89,共13页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘放管服’改革背景下行政收费设定范围研究”(19BFX059)。

摘　　要：在行政协议履行过程中,相对人不履行协议,行政机关如何采取措施维护公共利益已成为实践难题。实践中,行政机关往往通过民事诉讼、单方变更解除协议、非诉强制执行这三种方式来突破瓶颈。然而,这些途径因法律依据不足与逻辑上的纰漏无以为继。相较而言,引入行政协议反向诉讼能够更好地解决问题。从行政法基本原理的角度来看,行政协议反向诉讼制度与化解行政争议的立法目的相契合,也体现了行政协议两造诉权平等的原则。同时,行政协议在概念和效力上与单方行政行为存在不当混同。在规范层面上,行政协议反向诉讼能够更好地控制行政权运行并迎合了给付行政的发展新趋势。同时,行政协议反向诉讼也可参照行政公益诉讼,采纳在《行政诉讼法》中增添款项的入法模式。与之相配套,需在立法中对反向行政诉讼的原被告资格作一定变通并允许反诉,以适应这一新模式。In the process of performing administrative agreement,if the relative person fails to perform an agreement,how administrative organs take measures to safeguard the public interest has become a practical problem.In practice,administrative organs often break through the bottleneck in three ways,i.e.in the way of civil litigation,in the way of unilateral modification and cancellation of the agreement,and in the way of nonlitigation enforcement.However,these ways are unsustainable due to insufficient legal basis and logical flaws.In contrast,the introduction of the reverse litigation of administrative agreement can solve the problem better.From the perspective of the fundamentals of administrative law,the system of the reverse litigation of adminis⁃trative agreement is consistent with the legislative purpose of resolving administrative disputes,and also re⁃flects the principle of the equality of litigious rights of both parties to administrative agreements.At the same time,administrative agreement is inappropriately confused with unilateral administrative action in both concept and effect.At a normative level,the reverse litigation of administrative agreement can better control the opera⁃tion of administrative power and cater to the development of the new trend of the administration of payment.In addition,the reverse litigation of administrative agreement can also refer to administrative public interest litiga⁃tion,and follow the model in the Administrative Procedure Law to add legal provisions to such a legal docu⁃ment.Therefore,it is necessary to make certain adaptations to the qualifications of the plaintiff and defendant in reverse administrative litigation and to allow reverse litigation in legislation to adapt to such a new pattern.

关 键 词：行政协议 反向诉讼 司法最终原则 行政行为 行政公益诉讼 

分 类 号：D927[政治法律—法学]