氮肥减量配施有机肥对大白菜产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on yield,quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：刘中良[1] 高俊杰[1] 陈震 闫伟强[1] 谷端银[1] LIU Zhongliang;GAO Junjie;CHEN Zhen;YAN Weiqiang;GU Duanyin(Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taian,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2022年第11期1138-1144,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：山东省蔬菜产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-05);山东农业良种工程项目(2019LZGC0060103);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201207)。

摘　　要：为了研究黄淮海区域大白菜合理有效的施肥模式,以“北京新三号”为供试材料,设置12种不同处理(CK1,不施肥;CK2,常规施肥;T1,常规减施化肥N 100%;T2,常规减施化肥N 15%;T3,常规减施化肥N 15%+有机肥替代15%N;T4,常规减施化肥N 30%;T5,常规减施化肥N 30%+有机肥替代15%N;T6,常规减施化肥30%+有机肥替代30%N;T7,常规减施化肥N 40%;T8,常规减施化肥N 40%+有机肥替代15%N;T9,常规减施化肥N 40%+有机肥替代30%N;T10,常规减施化肥N 40%+有机肥替代40%N),研究氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对大白菜产量、品质、土壤养分及氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明:氮肥减量配施生物有机肥显著提高了大白菜产量,处理T3最高为307.43 t/hm^(2),较处理CK1,CK2和T1分别增产63.06%,14.49%和36.68%,与土壤中速效氮、速效钾含量呈正相关;与常规施肥相比,氮肥减量配施生物有机肥显著降低了大白菜硝酸盐含量,提高了维生素C、可溶性糖含量.氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对土壤酶活性也产生了显著影响,增施适量有机肥还增强了根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,而酸性磷酸酶活性降低.此外,与处理T1相比,氮肥利用率提高5.54%~60.71%.综合大白菜产量、品质及氮肥利用率等因素,常规减施化肥N 15%+有机肥替代N 15%施肥处理效果最佳.To study the reasonable and effective fertilization mode of Chinese cabbage in Huang Huai Hai area,′Beijing New No.3′was used as the test material,12 different treatments were set as:CK1:No fertilization,CK2:conventional fertilization,T1:conventional reduced fertilizer N 100%,T2:conventional reduced fertilizer N 15%,T3:conventional reduced fertilizer N 15%+organic fertilizer replaced N 15%,T4:conventional reduced fertilizer N 30%,T5:conventional reduced fertilizer N 30%+organic fertilizer replaced N 15%,T6:conventional reduced fertilizer 30%+organic fertilizer replaced N 30%,T7:conventional reduced fertilizer N 40%,T8:conventional reduced fertilizer N 40%+organic fertilizer replaced N 15%,T9:conventional reduced fertilizer N 40%+organic fertili-zer replaced N 30%,T10:conventional reduced fertilizer N 40%+organic fertilizer replaced N 40%.The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer on the yield,quality,soil nutrients accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Chinese cabbage were studied.The results show that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer significantly improve the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.The highest T3 treatment is 307.43 t/hm^(2),which is 63.06%,14.49%and 36.68%higher than that of treatment CK1,CK2 and T1,respectively.It is po-sitively correlation with the content of available nitrogen and potassium in soil.Compared with the conventional fertilization,the nitrate content of Chinese cabbage is significantly reduced and the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar is increased by the combination of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and bio-organic fertilizer.The reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with the application an appropriate amount of bio-organic fertilizer also has a significant impact on soil enzyme activity.The application of appropriate amount of organic fertilizer also enhance the activities of urease,invertase,alkaline phosphatase in rhizosphere soil,while acid phosphatase activity decreases.In

关 键 词：氮肥 减量配施 大白菜 产量 品质 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学] S143.1[农业科学—园艺学]