外空军控国际规则发展的困境与解决  

Predicaments and Solutions in the Development of International Rules on Outer Space Arms Control

作　　者：胡建发 聂明岩 HU Jianfa;NIE Mingyan(School of Marxism,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710129,China;College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing Jiangsu 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710129 [2]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期164-171,共8页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(18CFX081);陕西省社会科学基金(2018F083);西北工业大学新文科课题(21GH031116)。

摘　　要：美国新版《太空防御战略》进一步加大了外空武器化和军备竞赛的风险,对外空和平利用构成了严重威胁,给外空安全国际治理带来了严峻挑战。这充分暴露了现有条约对防止外空武器化和军备竞赛的局限性以及外空“软法”因缺乏强制力而难以发挥有效规制作用等方面的不足。因此,迫切需要发展新的外空军控国际规则。但是,发展新规则又面临三个方面的困境:一是外空规则“软法”化,二是“硬法”“软法”竞争化,三是“软法”发展无序化。唯有摆脱这些困境才能加快新规则的形成,出路就在于运用双向协调的外空军控国际规则发展思路,即既要符合《联合国宪章》及《外空条约》关于外空和平利用的精神,也要尊重以联合国为主平台形成的各项外空军控决议,进而构建一种以“硬法”为主、“硬法”与“软法”相协调的外空军控国际规则发展新模式。The new US Space Defense Strategy further increases the risk of weaponization and arms race in outer space, and poses a serious threat to the peaceful use of outer space, thus bringing serious challenges to the international governance of outer space security. This has fully exposed the limitations of current treaties on the prevention of weaponization and arms race in outer space and the difficulties for the soft law of outer space to play an effective regulatory role because of the lack of coercive force. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new international rules on outer space arms control. However, the development of new rules faces three predicaments. The first is the “soft law” of outer space rules, the second is the competition between “hard law” and “soft law”, and the third is the disorderly development of “soft law”. Only by getting rid of these predicaments can we speed up the formation of new rules, and the way out is to use a two-way coordinated development approach to international rules on outer space arms control. That means it is necessary not only to conform to the spirit of the Charter of the United Nations and the Outer Space Treaty on the peaceful use of outer space, but also to respect the resolutions on outer space arms control reached with the United Nations as the main platform, so as to build a new model for the development of international rules on outer space arms control which is based on “hard law” with the coordination between “hard law” and “soft law”.

关 键 词：外空军控 外空武器化和军备竞赛 PPWT草案 “硬法” “软法” 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]