功能化医用聚氨酯弹性体制备及生物医用研究进展  

Research Progress in Preparation and Biomedical Application of Functional Medical Polyurethane Elastomers

作　　者：张桢焱 刘琳 许东华[1,3] 张若愚[2] 石恒冲 栾世方 殷敬华[1] Zhang Zhenyan;Liu Lin;Xu Donghua;Zhang Ruoyu;Shi Hengchong;Luan Shifang;Yin Jinghua(State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China;Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials,Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315300,China;College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,高分子物理与化学国家重点实验室,长春130022 [2]中科院宁波材料所所属慈溪生物医学工程研究所,医用植介入材料浙江省工程研究中心,宁波315300 [3]中国科学技术大学应用化学与工程学院,合肥230026

出　　处：《化学学报》2022年第10期1436-1447,共12页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(Nos.51973221,51773218);国家重点研发计划(No.2020YFC1106900);工信部生物医用材料生产示范平台(No.TC190H3ZV/1);中科院威高计划、宁波市重大科技攻关(Nos.2020Z086,2021Z070);山东省重大科技创新工程(No.2019JZZY011105)资助。

摘　　要：热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)弹性体因其良好的可加工性、机械性能和生物安全性而被广泛应用于生物医学领域.绝大部分TPU都由大分子二元醇软段以及异氰酸酯和小分子扩链剂形成的硬段组成,这两者分别提供基体的弹性与链网络的框架刚性.小分子扩链剂二元醇/胺和二异氰酸酯的结构设计是构建功能化TPU的主要途径.研究者根据特定临床应用场景和使用需求,设计和制备相应的功能化单体,并开发出相应的医用TPU.本综述首先介绍了大分子二元醇、二异氰酸酯以及扩链剂的种类以及各自的特点,对其特有的微相分离结构做了介绍,并明晰了化学/物理结构与最终性能的关系.随后,综述了国内外TPU在生物医学领域的研究进展和应用,重点阐述了医用TPU在抗菌、抗凝血、耐水解耐氧化、自愈性以及可降解等方面的发展情况.最后,通过总结和分析医用TPU及其器械评价的相关标准,提出了产业化应用的关键问题,并展望了医用TPU未来的发展方向.Thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)elastomer is widely used in biomedical field because of its good processability,mechanical property and biocompatibility.Most TPUs are composed of macromolecular diols as soft segments,diisocyanate and chain extenders as hard segments,which provide the elasticity of the matrix and the framework rigidity of the chain network,respectively.The structural design of chain extender diol/diamine and diisocyanate is the main method to construct functional TPUs.Researchers designed and prepared the functional monomers according to the specific clinical scene or usage requirements,and developed the corresponding medical TPUs.In this paper,the types and characteristics of macromolecular diols,diisocyanate and chain extenders are introduced.Their unique microphase separation structures are analyzed,and the relationship between the chemical/physical structure and the final performance is discussed.Then,the research progress and advanced applications of TPU in biomedicine at home and abroad are summarized.The applications of TPU as antibacterial,anticoagulant,hydrolytic and oxidation resistant,self-healing and degradable materials are emphasized.Finally,by summarizing and analyzing various standards of biomedical TPU and its device,the key problems of industrial application are put forward,and the future development direction of TPU is prospected.

关 键 词：聚氨酯弹性体 功能化改性 大分子二元醇 异氰酸酯 生物医用材料 

分 类 号：TQ334.1[化学工程—橡胶工业] R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程]