以嘉陵江为例构建并分析有毒鱼类风险评估体系  

Construction and analysis of risk assessment system for ichthyotoxic fishes-a case study of the Jailing River

作　　者：张富斌 王健 杨坤 高欣[5] 曾燏[2] ZHANG Fubin;WANG Jian;YANG Kun;GAO Xin;ZENG Yu(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,China;Southwest Branch of the National Freshwater Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center,College of Life Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,China;Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning,Design and Research,Wuhan 430010,China;Institute of Ecology,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637002,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院,四川南充637009 [2]西华师范大学生命科学学院,国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心西南分中心,四川南充637009 [3]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [4]西华师范大学生态研究院,四川南充637002 [5]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第9期1593-1603,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901219);西华师范大学科研启动金(18Q035);四川省科技计划资助(2022NSFSC1646);化学合成与污染控制四川省重点实验室开放基金(CSPC202010)。

摘　　要：为提高人们对淡水有毒鱼类的认知、增强公众的防范意识、减少不必要的损失,也为有毒鱼类的深入研究奠定基础,本实验初步构建了有毒鱼类风险评估体系,并对嘉陵江已知的18种有毒鱼类展开应用探索。该风险评估体系从有毒鱼类毒性属性、群体属性以及社会属性展开,共包括3个一级指标、8个二级指标和26个三级指标。通过对各有毒鱼类的各指标赋值,再根据各指标已确定的权重,从而得出各有毒鱼类的风险评估值,确定其风险等级。风险评估赋值得分结果显示,鲤最高,为36分,福建纹胸最低,为21分,云南光唇鱼次之,为25分;其余15种有毒鱼类中,有7种得分介于26~30分以及8种得分介于31~35分。风险等级划分结果表明,在嘉陵江已知的18种有毒鱼类中,有4种被界定为高风险有毒鱼类,包括草鱼、鲤、鲇以及鳜,其余14种皆为中风险有毒鱼类。卡方检验(χ^(2))结果发现,嘉陵江不同风险等级有毒鱼类在食性类别、分布水层、分布范围及繁殖特征上差异不显著。该评估体系具有一定的实用价值,但限于对有毒鱼类的认知,本评估体系难免存在不足,未来应当加强对有毒鱼类的研究,以不断地完善该评估体系。本研究加强了人们对于有毒鱼类的了解,为有毒鱼类的科学管理提供了支撑,同时,也为下一步研究奠定了基础。Toxic organisms are widely distributed in natural environment and receive much attention from researchers.Ichthyotoxic fishes are one of the largest groups of toxic vertebrates,which refers to fish whose organs or tissues contain toxins or whose tissues can secrete toxins.However,the existent researches on ichthyotoxic fishes have been rather limited for a long time,especially for the freshwater ichthyotoxic fishes.Up to now,the risk assessment system for freshwater ichthyotoxic fishes is scarce at home and abroad,This would greatly hinder the development and utilization of ichthyotoxic fishes.Given that,to increase people’s awareness of freshwater ichthyotoxic fishes,enhance public awareness of prevention,reduce unnecessary losses,and lay a foundation for in-depth research on ichthyotoxic fishes,this study has preliminarily established a risk assessment system for ichthyotoxic fishes and it was applied to 18 known ichthyotoxic fishes in the Jialing River.This risk assessment system was focused on toxic property,population property,and social property of ichthyotoxic fishes.A total of three first-level indexes,eight second-level indexes,and 26 thirdlevel indexes were included in the risk assessment system.By assigning values to the indices of each ichthyotoxic fishes,the score of risk assessment for each ichthyotoxic fishes was calculated according to the determined weight of each index.Finally,the risk grade was confirmed by the score for risk assessment of each ichthyotoxic fish.Results showed that Cyprinus carpio gained 36 points,which is the highest score.On the contrary,Glyptothorax fukiensis obtained 21 points,which is the lowest score.Acrossocheilus yunnanensis acquired 25 points.Among other 15 ichthyotoxic fish species,7 of them scored between 26 to 30 points and 8 of them scored range from 31 to 35 points.Results of risk grade indicated that four fish species belonged to high risk grade among 18 ichthyotoxic fishes in the Jialing River,and they are Ctenopharyngodon idella,C.carpio,Silurus asotus,and Si

关 键 词：有毒鱼类 风险评估 生态特征 嘉陵江 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]