罗非鱼-鱼腥草共生系统中鱼菜不同配比对池塘水质及细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of planting density or proportion on water quality and bacterial microbiota in the tilapia and Houttuynia cordata aquaponics

作　　者：可小丽[1] 李庆勇 黄秋标 王淼[1] 衣萌萌[1] 刘志刚[1] 卢迈新[1] KE Xiaoli;LI Qingyong;HUANG Qiubiao;WANG Miao;YI Mengmeng;LIU Zhigang;LU Maixin(Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science,Guangzhou 510380,China;Fisheries Research&Extension Center of Huizhou,Huizhou 516002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东省水产动物免疫技术重点实验室,广东广州510380 [2]惠州市渔业研究推广中心,广东惠州516002

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第9期1604-1619,共16页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：广东省促进经济发展专项(粤农2019B8);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-46)。

摘　　要：为了解罗非鱼-鱼腥草共生系统中鱼草不同配比对池塘水质及细菌群落结构的影响,实验构建了相同池塘覆盖面积不同鱼腥草种植密度(350、450、600和0 g/m^(2))(M1)和相同种植密度不同池塘覆盖面积占比(5%、10%、15%和0%)(M2)的两种养殖模式。通过在以上两种模式养殖条件下,研究各组对罗非鱼养殖池塘水质以及水体和鱼体肠道微生物群落的影响,探讨了罗非鱼-鱼腥草池塘共生系统中鱼草的相对最佳搭配比例。结果显示,在M1实验模式下,不同密度组鱼腥草浮床均能显著改善养殖水体氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、亚硝氮(NO_(2)^(–)-N)、硝酸氮(NO_(3)^(–)-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、正磷酸盐(PO_(4)^(3–)-P)等水质指标,且在3个月养殖周期内,初始种植密度为450 g/m^(2)的鱼腥草浮床组与350和600 g/m^(2)实验组相比,效果相对更加稳定。16S rRNA V4区的高通量测序分析显示,M1模式下各组鱼腥草均能显著优化鱼体肠道和水体的菌群结构,并增加菌群多样性,且养殖时间越长,优化效果越明显。相同月份中,实验组450和350 g/m^(2)比600 g/m^(2)优化效果相对更稳定。在不同月份下,环境变化对罗非鱼肠道及水体细菌多样性的影响大于鱼腥草浮床对养殖水体的影响。在M2实验模式中,各组鱼腥草浮床均能显著净化罗非鱼养殖池塘水质,其TN、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(–)-N、NO_(3)^(–)-N和PO_(4)^(3-)-P等均呈曲线变化。研究表明,在该养殖周期内,鱼腥草覆盖面积为10%的实验组对养殖水体NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(–)-N、TN、TP以及PO_(4)^(3–)-P等指标的净化效率较实验组5%和15%稳定。高通量测序分析结果表明,不同覆盖面积鱼腥草浮床均能增加养殖水体和鱼体肠道的微生物多样性,相对而言,10%覆盖面积组的效果更稳定。此结果为完善罗非鱼-鱼腥草共生养殖模式的鱼草配比提供了数据支撑。Intensive aquaculture is generally characterized by the addition of nutritionally enriched diets.High-protein feed inputs thus lead to an inefficient use of nitrogen,and the waste of the natural resources,mostly fishmeal,from which this nitrogen originated.With increasing concentration,ammonia and nitrite can be toxic to aquatic life.Previous studies demonstrated that Houttuynia cordata floating bed could significantly reduce ammonia and nitrogen(N)in tilapia intensive aquaculture,but little information is available about the effective planting density or proportion of H.cordata and its effects on water quality and microbiota in tilapia co-culturing pond system.For this,this study constructed two aquaponic models(M1 and M2)based on H.cordata and tilapia,and respectively investigated their effects on water quality and bacterial microbiota in the tilapia intestinal tract and the pond water system.The M1 model included four density treatments(350 g/m^(2),450 g/m^(2),600 g/m^(2),and 0 g/m^(2)):the control 0 g/m^(2)(no H.cordata floating bed),treatment 350 g/m^(2)(planting 350 g H.cordata per square meter pond water),treatment 450 g/m^(2),and treatment 600 g/m^(2).The M2 model included four cover ratio treatments:the control 0%(with no H.cordata floating bed),treatment 5%(growing 5%H.cordata with floating bed),treatment 10%,and treatment 15%.Results showed in the M1 model the water quality trends based on chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-)N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and ortho phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)in treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control groups.And in the three experimental months,the effect of treatment 450 g/m^(2)was relatively more stable than treatments 350 g/m^(2)and 600 g/m^(2).High-throughput sequencing analysis based onα-diversity indices(Chao1,ACE,Shannon and Simpson)showed different H.cordata floating bed treatments(350 g/m^(2),450 g/m^(2),and 600 g/m^(2))could significantly impro

关 键 词：罗非鱼 鱼菜共生 鱼腥草 16S rRNA 生物浮床 微生物群多样性 

分 类 号：S965.125[农业科学—水产养殖]