筏式养殖虾夷扇贝“褐色沉积症”形成原因初步研究  

Preliminary research on"brown deposition syndrome"of raft farmed scallop(Pationopecten yessoenisis)

作　　者：于佐安[1] 李大成[1] 王庆志[1] 李华琳[1] 于笛[1] 刘项峰[1] 滕炜鸣[1] 王笑月[1] 周遵春[1] YU Zuoan;LI Dacheng;WANG Qingzhi;LI Hualin;YU Di;LIU Xiangfeng;TENG Weiming;WANG Xiaoyue;ZHOU Zunchun(Liaoning Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Liaoning Open Lab of Applied Marine Biology,Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology of Liaoning Province,Dalian Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Marine Shellfish,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省应用海洋生物技术开放实验室,辽宁省水产分子生物学重点实验室,大连市海产贝类种质资源创新利用重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第9期1713-1720,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-49);辽宁省重点研发计划指导项目(2018203005);大连市科技创新基金(2019J12SN60)。

摘　　要：为分析筏式养殖虾夷扇贝贝壳内侧褐色沉积症状形成机制,讨论虾夷扇贝夏季大规模死亡和褐色沉积症状相关性。2017—2019年的3—10月开展流行病学调查,调查虾夷扇贝褐色沉积症症状发生过程和出现比例,统计虾夷扇贝累积死亡率。设计防咬合扇贝养殖笼,统计褐色沉积症扇贝出现比例。利用傅里叶红外光谱分析法分析褐色沉积物质成分,讨论内在形成原因。结果显示,防咬合扇贝养殖笼内养殖扇贝累积死亡率为87.6%,褐色沉积症状出现比例为74.5%,扇贝间咬合导致的损伤不是褐色沉积症出现的原因。褐色沉积物质红外光谱谱型与牛血清白蛋白粉末谱型一致,且具备蛋白质特征峰酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅲ带,揭示贝壳内侧褐色沉积物质主要成分为蛋白质。虾夷扇贝褐色沉积症出现时间具有规律性,6月中下旬出现症状后持续至8月,与扇贝开始死亡时间吻合。2017—2019年褐色沉积症状比例为85.7%、1.54%和10.9%,扇贝累积死亡率分别为90.4%、49.2%和48.16%,揭示褐色沉积症状与筏式养殖虾夷扇贝夏季死亡具有相关性(r=0.992),其形成原因可能与病原感染相关。The scallop(Pationopecten yessoenisis)is one of the most important aquaculture species in China.The main cultured areas are distributed in Chang-Shan archipelagos of Liaoning.But since 2007,the raft culture scallops P.yessoenisis disease outbreak has caused massive mortality in Changhai,Liaoning.The moribund scallops exhibited severe disease signs including brown deposit on the inner shell.So the cause of brown deposit symptom and the relationship with death of P.yessoenisis were analyzed.The epidemiological investigation and experiment of avoiding bite were used for researching the preliminary cause and formation of brown deposition syndrome.The infrared spectroscopy scanning was also used for studying the components of brown deposit.The result show that the cumulative mortality of P.yessoenisis cultured in aquaculture cage for avoiding bite was 87.60%,and the proportion of brown deposition syndrome was 74.50%.So biting or mechanical abrasion between scallops was not the cause of brown deposition syndrome;the FITR spectra of brown deposit was consistent with the FTIR of BSA,and had protein characteristic peaks of amideⅠand amideⅢ,and the main component of brown deposit was protein;the brown deposition syndrome often happened in mid late June and early July when the temperature of seawater was 17℃.2017–2019,the proportion of brown deposition syndrome was 85.7%,1.54%and 10.9%respectively,and the cumulative mortality of P.yessoenisis cultured in ordinary cage was 90.40%,49.20%and 48.16%,and the proportion of brown deposition syndrome was significantly associated with the cumulative mortality of P.yessoenisis.So pathogenic infection may be the cause of brown deposition syndrome,and it had relationship with the massive mortality of P.yessoenisis.

关 键 词：虾夷扇贝 褐色沉积症 筏式养殖 流行病学 

分 类 号：S944.43[农业科学—水产养殖]