渔光互补生态经济特征及其发展方向  

Eco-economic characteristics and development direction of the fish-light complementation

作　　者：张家华 刘兴国[1] 顾兆俊[1] 程果锋[1] 朱浩[1] ZHANG Jiahua;LIU Xingguo;GU Zhaojun;CHENG Guofeng;ZHU Hao(Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第8期1525-1535,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-46)。

摘　　要：渔光互补是近年来快速发展的一种清洁高效生产方式,为水产养殖提供了巨大的发展空间,具有清洁、低碳、高效的特点,但存在基础研究空白、设施系统不规范、养殖技术不足等问题。本文详细介绍了渔光互补的概念及特点,分析了渔光互补的经济、生态、社会价值,并结合发展过程中存在的问题提出了发展建议,为推动我国渔光互补产业健康可持续发展提供了参考。渔光互补模式中,太阳能模块由于近水表面温度较低从而功率转换效率高;水面因太阳能板的遮挡蒸发率降低超过70%,节约大量养殖用水;环境友好型的养殖和发电模式促进了生态系统的再发展;使用智能渔业系统来控制养殖环境,从而提高鱼类生长速率,提高养殖经济效益。此外,从节能减排角度出发,如果按全国光照强度平均值并结合渔光互补技术,根据目前正在使用的水产养殖面积,每年将产生超过50 MWh的电力,节约约180亿t标准煤,减少49.85 Mt二氧化碳排放。渔光互补是实现“两碳目标”的重要途径,随着研究的不断深入,渔光协同的生态经济价值将不断显现,进一步推动清洁能源生产和水产养殖绿色发展。Fish-light complementation is a clean and efficient production model developed rapidly in recent years,which provides a huge development space for aquaculture.It has the characteristics of clean,low-carbon,and high efficiency.However,there are some problems,such as blank basic research,irregular facility system,insufficient aquaculture technology,and so on.This paper introduces the concept and characteristics of fish-light complementation in detail,analyzes the economic,ecological,and social values of fish-light complementation,and puts forward development suggestions combined with the problems existing in the development process.This study may provide a reference for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the fish-light complementation industry in China.By fish-light complementation,the solar module has a high power conversion efficiency due to the low surface temperature near the water;the evaporation rate of the water surface is reduced by more than 70%due to solar panels,which saves a lot of water for aquaculture;environmentally friendly aquaculture and power generation models promote the redevelopment of the ecosystem;we can use the smart fishery system to control the aquaculture environment,thereby increasing the growth rate of fish and improving the economic benefits of aquaculture.In addition,from the perspective of energy-saving and emission reduction,if the national average light intensity is combined with the complementary technology of fishing and light,based on the aquaculture area currently in use,it will be able to generate more than 50 megawatt-hours of electricity each year and save about 18billion tons of coal and reduce 49.85 megatons of carbon dioxide emissions.

关 键 词：渔光互补 光伏 水产养殖 节能减排 

分 类 号：S969[农业科学—水产养殖]