数字时代的银行业变迁——网点布局与行业结构  

Evolution of Banking in the Digital Age:Branches and Industry Structure

作　　者：张海洋[1,2] 胡英琦 陆利平 蔡卫星 ZHANG Haiyang;HUYingqi;LU Liping;CAI Weixing(School of Banking and Finance,University of International Business and Economics;Institute of Digital Finance,Peking University;School of Finance,Renmin University of China;School of Finance,Guangdong Universityof Finance&Economics)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学金融学院,北京市100029 [2]北京大学数字金融研究中心,北京市100871 [3]中国人民大学财政金融学院,北京市100872 [4]广东财经大学金融学院,广东广州510320

出　　处：《金融研究》2022年第9期75-92,共18页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(重大项目预研基金)“数字金融支持乡村振兴的体制机制研究”(批准号:ZD5-03);社科基金重点项目“大数据驱动下中国地方金融风险监测与防控研究”(19AJY027)的资助。

摘　　要：数字技术可以帮助市场主体重构组织模式,数字经济时代的金融业也因此迎来变革。本文基于2014年至2019年我国县级行政区数据,研究发现,数字金融的发展显著减缓了我国银行业金融机构实体网点的扩张势头,这种效应主要体现在股份制商业银行和城市商业银行上,并主要影响这两类银行的基层机构。同时,我们发现数字金融的发展加快了农村合作金融机构的转型和网点退出,但对国有“六大行”没有显著影响。进一步研究发现,数字金融的影响效果会随着经济发展程度提高和地区金融可得性增加而增强,但随着在位银行的市场势力提升而下降。本文为理解数字经济时代银行业的变迁提供了一定参考。Advances in digital technology affect the development process of societie and this has become an important force affecting business patterns,factor allocation,and economic structure.As a national strategy,China is developing its digital economy to promote the deep integration of the digital and real economies.Accordingly,this study mainly assesses the impact of digital finance on the branch network distribution and industrial structure changes of traditional banking institutions.As a type of“creative destruction”,the relationship between digital and traditional finance is both competitive and complementary.Simultaneously,the development of traditional finance requires support from the real economy and inevitably varies along with economic and industrial development.Moreover,the impact of digital finance on the development of traditional finance is inevitably influenced by the above factors.China’s indirect financial system is dominated by banks,and the banking system’s layout and industry structure can reveal the changes in traditional finance in the digital economy era to a certain extent.The main concerns of this study are as follows:How does the rapid development of digital finance affect the banking industry?What kind of banking financial institutions are more affected by digital finance?What factors regulate the impact of digital finance on banking financial institutions?This study uses financial license data from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission,and also uses the Peking University Digital Inclusive Finance Index as a measure of the development of digital finance.This study investigates whether digital finance affects the establishment,change,and exit of local banking financial institutions.We mainly assess whether a significant causal relationship exists between regional digital finance and the growth rate of the number of banking financial institutions.To achieve this goal,we adopt the fixed effects model with panel data.In addition,we adopt identification strategies such as ex

关 键 词：银行业变迁 数字金融 银行业结构 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]