一种新型高静低动刚度气囊隔振装置结构设计及其试验研究  

A new structure design for high-static-low-dynamic-stiffness air spring vibration isolation device and its experimental research

作　　者：杨兆豪 帅长庚[1,2] 李步云 马建国 YANG Zhao-hao;SHUAI Chang-geng;LI Bu-yun;MA Jian-guo(Institute of Noise&Vibration,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration&Noise,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学振动与噪声研究所,武汉430033 [2]船舶振动噪声重点实验室,武汉430033

出　　处：《船舶力学》2022年第11期1705-1713,共9页Journal of Ship Mechanics

基　　金：国防科技研究项目(HJ2019C020499)。

摘　　要：目前的船用隔振装置对低频振动的隔离效果不够理想,严重影响船舶声隐身性能。本文针对船舶机械激发的低频振动,提出一种基于气囊的新型高静低动刚度结构。首先,通过力学模型推导该结构的静力学特性,并分析无量纲参数对系统特性的影响;其次,通过谐波平衡法推导动力学方程,并对力传递率特性进行分析;最后,设计制造原理样机并进行试验,讨论不同气压条件下的装置刚度。理论与试验结果表明,该结构设计能够通过侧向气囊隔振器和万向节连杆机构引入负刚度,可以在保证静承载能力不变的情况下有效降低整体动刚度,同时,得到侧向气囊隔振器的气压值是影响该装置刚度的关键因素。The current isolation effect of marine vibration isolation devices on low-frequency vibration is not ideal,which seriously affects the acoustic stealth performance of a ship.A new high-static-low-dynamic-stiffness structure design was proposed in this paper based on air spring for the low frequency vibration excit⁃ed by ship machinery.Firstly,the static characteristics of the structure were deduced through the derivation of a mechanical model,and its influence on the system characteristics was analyzed through the dimension⁃less parameters.Secondly,the dynamic equation was deduced by the harmonic balance method,and the char⁃acteristics of the force transmission rate were analyzed.Finally,the principle prototype was designed,manu⁃factured and tested,and the stiffness of the device under different pressures was discussed.Theoretical and experimental results show that the structure design can introduce negative stiffness through the lateral air spring isolator and the universal joint-connecting rod mechanism,which can effectively reduce the overall dy⁃namic stiffness while the static load capacity is ensured to remain unchanged.Also,it is observed that the air pressure of the lateral air spring isolator is a key factor affecting the stiffness of the device.

关 键 词：气囊 负刚度 隔振 高静低动刚度 结构优化设计 

分 类 号：TB53[理学—物理]