广州市南沙区高新沙水库大气干湿沉降重金属含量、沉降通量特征分析及其对水库水质的影响  

Heavy metal contents and deposition fluxes in atmospheric dry and wet deposition of Gaoxinsha Reservoir in Nansha District,Guangzhou and the impact on water quality

作　　者：胡冠钊 乔少博 王驹 陈风敏 殷炜昭 宫艳艳 HU Guanzhao;QIAO Shaobo;WANG Ju;CHEN Fengmin;YIN Weizhao;GONG Yanyan(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health,School of Environment,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511443;Guangdong Yuehai Pearl River Delta Water Supply Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 511455)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学环境学院,广东省环境污染与健康重点实验室,广州511443 [2]广东粤海珠三角供水有限公司,广州511455

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第10期120-128,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：珠江三角洲水资源配置工程南沙地区土壤重金属超标原因及对高新沙水库的影响研究项目(No.CD88-GC02-2020-0059)。

摘　　要：大气干湿沉降是地表水某些元素的主要输入途径,其中的重金属元素可能对水体质量产生影响.本研究于2020年8月-2021年8月在广州市南沙区高新沙水库采集了大气干湿沉降样品,测定了8种重金属(铬、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、汞、铅)的浓度,探讨了其含量特征,对大气干湿沉降重金属来源进行了解析,估算了重金属的月、季度和年沉降通量,并研究了大气干湿沉降对水库水质的影响.结果表明:大气干湿沉降中铬、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、汞、铅的平均含量分别为68.44、18.41、39.56、244.02、9.98、0.39、0.91、38.6 mg·kg^(-1),其中铬、镍、铜、锌、镉、汞、铅的平均含量均高于广东省土壤背景值.Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、As、Pb可能有相同的物源,来自燃煤、垃圾燃烧和交通活动,贡献率为45.05%;Cr、As可能有相同的物源,来自工地粉尘、道路尘,贡献率为22.52%.大气干湿沉降重金属的月沉降通量在3、4月达到最大值.Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb的大气干湿沉降季度通量随季度变化逐渐减少,即第Ⅰ季(春季)>第Ⅱ季(夏季)>第Ⅲ季(秋季)>第Ⅳ季(冬季).大气干湿沉降中锌的年沉降通量最高(均值94.96 mg·^(-2)·a^(-1)),镉的年沉降通量最低(均值0.13 mg·m^(-2)·a^(-1)).大气干沉降年通量均大于湿沉降年通量.考虑大气干湿沉降落入库区的重金属(无论重金属在水中的溶解效率高低),水库中重金属的浓度低于地表水环境质量标准Ⅱ类标准.研究成果对于制订高新沙水库的污染防控政策具有重要的指导作用.Atmospheric dry and wet deposition is one of the main sources of heavy metals in surface water. This study collected atmospheric dry and wet deposition samples in Gaoxinsha Reservior,Nansha District,Guangzhou,China from August 2020 to August 2021,determined the contents of eight heavy metals(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg,and Pb),discussed the characteristics,analyzed the possible sources,estimated the monthly,quarterly,and annual deposition fluxes,and investigated their effects on the water quality of the reservoir. The average contents of the eight heavy metals in atmospheric dry and wet deposition were 68.44,18.41,39.56,244.02,9.98,0.39,0.91 and 38.6 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,and the contents of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Hg,and Pb were higher than the soil background values in Guangdong Province,China. Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd were probably from coal burning,waste incineration,and transportation activities,and As and Cr were mainly from road dust and construction site dust. The corresponding contributions were 45.05% and 22.52%,respectively. The maximum monthly deposition flux of heavy metals appeared in March or April.The quarterly deposition fluxes of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Pb followed the order of season Ⅰ(spring)> season Ⅱ(summer)> season Ⅲ(autumn)>season Ⅳ(winter). Among the eight heavy metals,the annual deposition flux of Zn was the highest(mean value = 94.96 mg·^(-2)·a^(-1)),and that of Cd was the lowest(mean value = 0.13 mg·^(-2)·a^(-1)). The annual flux of dry deposition was greater than that of wet deposition. The concentrations of heavy metals in the reservoir were lower than the class II standard values of surface water environmental quality standard even considering the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals entering into the reservoir. The findings play an important role in pollution prevention and control in Gaoxinsha Reservoir.

关 键 词：大气干湿沉降 重金属 水库 相关性分析 沉降通量 源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]