世界生物圈保护区对我国国家公园建设与管理的启示  

Enlightenment of Biosphere Reserve to Establishment and Management of National Park in China

作　　者：杜金鸿[1] 刘宁 先义杰 王丁 王伟[1] DU Jinhong;LIU Ning;XIAN Yijie;WANG Ding;WANG Wei(Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Secretariat of Chinese National Committee for UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Programme,Beijing 100864,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院生态研究所,北京100012 [2]中国人与生物圈国家委员会秘书处,北京100864 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2022年第11期1602-1613,共12页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32171664)。

摘　　要：2021年,我国正式建立了第一批国家公园,标志着我国国家公园建设进入快速发展阶段。然而,我国国家公园基本上在已有自然保护地的基础上建立,仍存在治理模式单一、社区参与度较低、保护与发展矛盾较为突出等问题。“人与生物圈”计划是联合国教科文组织实施生物多样性和文化多样性保护的第一个旗舰项目,世界生物圈保护区是该计划的重要实施平台,在生物多样性保护、社区可持续发展、管理治理模式探索、定期评估等方面积累了大量有益经验。文章系统总结了世界生物圈保护区的理论和实践,并结合我国国家公园实际情况提出加强传统文化融合运用、提高社区参与、探索多元治理、推进可持续发展、规范综合评估等方面的对策建议,以期为我国国家公园建设、管理提供参考与借鉴。China has officially established the first batch of national parks in 2021 and such construction is entering a high-speed stage.National parks of the country basically originate from existed protected areas,and face series of long-standing problems and challenges,such as over simplified administration,low community participation,and prominent contradictions between ecological conservation and social development.The Man and the Biosphere(MAB)Programme is the first flagship project of United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)for biodiversity and cultural diversity conservation,biosphere reserve is its implementation platform,which has accumulated a lot of useful experience in biodiversity conservation,sustainable development,management and governance models,and regular evaluation.This study summarizes the theories and practice of biosphere reserves related to the construction of national parks.Several suggestions are concluded for the establishment and management of national park,including strengthening the excavation,integration and utilization of cultural diversity,promoting the participation of communities,innovating governance models,establishing a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products and brand appreciation,and formulating a comprehensive evaluation system.

关 键 词：生物圈保护区 国家公园 基于知识管理 社区参与 治理模式 治理方法 可持续发展 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]