中心致裂掏槽岩塞爆破设计与实践  

Design and practice of rock-plug blasting by central cracking cutting

作　　者：黎卫超 赵根[1] 周先平[1] 孙琪宁 杜少卿 LI Wei-chao;ZHAO Gen;ZHOU Xian-ping;SUN Qi-ning;DU Shao-qing(Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of MWR,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水利部岩土力学与工程重点实验室,武汉430010

出　　处：《工程爆破》2022年第5期52-59,共8页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52079009);中央科研业务费资助项目(CKSF2019477/YT);中央科研业务费资助项目(CKSF2019193/YT)。

摘　　要：水下岩塞爆破是高效、安全地联通水库、江河、湖泊等水工隧洞进水口的关键技术。通过查阅文献,梳理了钻孔法岩塞爆破技术的发展历程,对钻孔法岩塞爆破工程实践进行分析总结,提出了“中心致裂掏槽法”,给出了相应的炸药单耗、轮廓孔爆破线装药密度等关键爆破参数的计算公式,并在长甸改造工程及桓集隧道工程中取得了成功的应用,形成了一套完整的“中心掏槽、圆周扩展、轮廓成型”的设计方法。研究成果对钻孔法岩塞爆破设计与施工具有指导意义和借鉴作用。Underwater rock plug blasting is a key technology to connect the water intakes of hydraulic tunnels such as reservoirs,rivers and lakes efficiently and safely.By consulting previous literature,the development course of blasting technology for rock plug is reviewed.Then,the practice of rock plug blasting with drilling is analyzed and summarized,central cracking cutting method and relevant calculation formulas of key blasting parameters,such as explosive unit consumption and linear charge density of outline hole blasting,are proposed.This novel technology was successfully applied to Changdian hydropower station reconstruction project and Huanji tunnel project.A set of design method of"central cracking cutting,circumferential expansion and smooth forming"is summarized,which is of guiding significance and reference for the design and construction of rock plug blasting.

关 键 词：岩塞爆破 中心致裂掏槽 炸药单耗 预裂爆破 光面爆破 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]