矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦预算费用及效果  

Budget Costs and Effects of Mine Geological Environment Protection and Land Reclamation

作　　者：杨永均 陈赞旭[2] 王芳蕾 张绍良 侯湖平 YANG Yongjun;CHEN Zanxu;WANG Fanglei;ZHANG Shaoliang;HOU Huping(Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China;School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国国土资源经济》2022年第11期75-82,共8页Natural Resource Economics of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“干旱半干旱闭坑矿山开采后效应及其对植被恢复力的影响研究”(51874307);内蒙古自治区重大科技计划专项项目“内蒙古矿山生态环境智能监测与快速预警关键技术与示范”(2020GG0008)。

摘　　要：基于自然资源部公示的矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案,探究矿山土地利用和损毁、费用及效果特征。研究表明:在土地利用与损毁方面,井工煤矿的采矿权范围内,耕地和永久基本农田占比高。金属矿山的产量相对较少,但单位产量拟损毁面积最大;煤矿土地损毁面积大、产量高,单位产量拟损毁面积相对较低。在预算费用方面,煤矿地质环境保护与土地复垦的静态总投资多、单位面积投资少,而天然气和井工金属矿山的静态总投资少、单位面积投资多。在效果方面,若按照已编制方案实施矿山地质环境保护和土地复垦,井工矿山在复垦后耕地面积减少,其他矿山在复垦后的耕地面积增加,露天开采对土地利用结构的扰动较大,井工开采对土地利用结构的扰动相对较小。矿山类型和地域是影响我国矿山土地复垦与生态修复预算费用及效果的重要因素。今后应根据矿山类型和地理区域特点、资金需求和耕地保护修复的难易程度及新一轮国土空间规划要求,制定差异化的保证金缴纳、资金监管、投资估算、土地利用结构调整、生态保护和修复策略,进一步增强矿山土地复垦与生态修复方案的科学性、规范性和可操作性。Based on the plan of mine geological environment protection and land reclamation published by the Ministry of Natural Resources,the paper explores the characteristics of mine land use,land damage,cost and effect.The results show that:In terms of land use and damage,cultivated land and permanent basic farmland account for a high proportion within the mining rights scope of underground coal mines.The output of metal mines is relatively small,but the estimated damage area per unit output is the largest;The coal mines have large damaged area and high output,and the estimated damaged area per unit output is relatively low.In terms of budget cost,the static total investment of coal mine geological environment protection and land reclamation is more and less per unit area,while the static total investment of natural gas and underground metal mines is less and more per unit area.In terms of the effects,if the mine geological environment protection and land reclamation are implemented according to the compiled plan,the cultivated land area of underground mines will be reduced while the cultivated land area of other mines will be increased after reclamation,and open-pit mining will have a great disturbance to the land use structure,and underground mining will have a relatively small disturbance to the land use structure.Mine type and region are important factors affecting the budget cost and effect of mine land reclamation and ecological restoration in China.In the future,according to the characteristics of mine types and geographical regions,the demand of capital,the difficulty of cultivated land protection and restoration,and the requirements of a new round of territorial space planning,the paper formulates differentiated strategies for margin payment,capital supervision,investment estimation,land use structure adjustment,ecological protection and restoration to further strengthen the mine land reclamation and ecological restoration schemes standardization and operability.

关 键 词：生态修复 土地复垦 费用 耕地保护 矿山 

分 类 号：F407.1[经济管理—产业经济] F062.1