半夏软腐病生防菌株筛选和田间应用探究  

Screening and Field Application of Biocontrol Strains against Soft Rot of Pinellia ternata

作　　者：桂颖 蒋春号[1] 程旭 王超[1,3] 周冬梅 王沫[5] 郑颖[1] 郭坚华[1] 牛冬冬[1] GUI Ying;JIANG Chun-hao;CHENG Xu;WANG Chao;ZHOU Dong-mei;WANG Mo;ZHENG Ying;GUO Jian-hua;NIU Dong-dong(Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiangyang 441057,China;Organic Food Development and Certification Center of China,Nanjing 210042,China;Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095 [2]襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳441057 [3]南京国环有机产品认证中心,江苏南京210042 [4]江苏省农业科学院,江苏南京210014 [5]华中农业大学,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2022年第10期1952-1961,共10页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目。

摘　　要：目的:开展生物防治试验,探究半夏软腐病绿色防控技术,为半夏软腐病绿色防控提供有效途径。方法:通过16S rRNA扩增鉴定病原菌,利用赋值法和温室、田间试验筛选生防菌剂。结果:2011—2012年诊断了半夏软腐病症状,鉴定其病原物为胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌Pectobacteriumcarotovorum。2013—2014年从15种生防菌剂和产品中筛选获得有效防治该病的三菌混合生防菌剂BBS,并登记为微生物肥“宁盾”。2015—2018年,在不同地区开展“宁盾”的用法用量试验及田间示范试验。2019年,利用“宁盾”在全程绿色种植体系中开展的推广性田间试验结果表明,“宁盾”对半夏具有明显的防病促生效果,与对照组相比,对软腐病的防治效果达88.7%,出苗率、珠芽分化率可提高52.8%、65.7%,产量提高21.43%。结论:半夏软腐病由胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌引起,“宁盾”对半夏软腐病具有显著防效。Objective:Experiments on biological control for soft root of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Brei were carried out to explore the green control method for this disease.Methods:The 16S rRNA gene fragment of the pathogen was amplified for identification,and the biocontrol agents were screened by value assignment method and greenhouse and field experiments.Results:From 2011 to 2012,the symptoms of the soft rot were diagnosed,and the pathogen was identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum.In the next two years,the mixture of three strains(BBS)was screened out from 15 kinds of biocontrol agents and products,which can effectively control the disease.Meanwhile,the mixture was registered as microbial fertilizer"Ningdun".From 2015 to 2018,experiment on the usage and dosage of"Ningdun"and field demonstration experiment were performed in different areas.In 2019,"Ningdun"was used in the green planting system of P.ternata and showed remarkable effect in controlling the disease and promoting plant growth.The control effect of"Ningdun"on soft rot was up to 88.7%as compared with the control.In addition,with this biocontrol agent,the emergence rate and bulbil differentiation rate were 52.8%and 65.7%higher,and the yield was 21.43%higher.Conclusion:The soft root of P.ternata is caused by P.carotovorum,which can be controlled with"Ningdun",a mixture of three biocontrol strains.

关 键 词：半夏 生防菌剂“宁盾” 珠芽分化率 软腐病 防治效果 

分 类 号：R282.[医药卫生—中药学]