圈养小熊猫竹叶增食剂的研制与饲喂效果  

Feeding Effects and Development of the Bamboo Leaf Intake Enhancer for Captive Red Pandas

作　　者：鲜义坤[1] 瞿桂英 廖友平 马黎民 张亚辉 刘张育 魏明 黄明亚 张贵权 XIAN Yi-kun;QU Gui-ying;LIAO You-ping;MA Li-min;ZHANG Ya-hui;LIU Zhang-yu;WEI Ming;HUANG Ming-ya;ZHANG Gui-quan(Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park,Chengdu 611830,China;China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda,Chengdu 611830,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Dadihank Biotech Corp.,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center for Animal feeding Regulation,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省自然资源科学研究院,四川成都610041 [2]大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室,四川成都611830 [3]中国大熊猫保护研究中心,四川成都611830 [4]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,吉林长春130118 [5]成都大帝汉克生物科技有限公司,四川成都611130 [6]四川省动物采食调控工程技术研究中心,四川成都611130

出　　处：《资源开发与市场》2022年第12期1483-1490,1512,共9页Resource Development & Market

基　　金：2017年国家林业和草业局大熊猫国际合作资金项目;2019年四川省科技计划重点研发项目(编号:2019YFS0462);2017年四川省科技基础条件平台项目(编号:2017TJPT0030)。

摘　　要：根据圈养小熊猫熟悉的食物香气和喜欢的食物味道特点、摄食行为习惯、嗅觉和味觉生理特征,研制出一种竹叶增食剂。经专业人员的嗅感和口感品评,竹叶增食剂有较好的香气强度、中等偏上的愉悦度和透发性、明显的青香、轻微的甜气和突出的甜味。在2022年4月下旬至6月下旬间,用八月竹和刺黑竹饲喂1—10岁的23只(8雌15雄)圈养小熊猫,试验组的竹叶喷竹叶增食剂,而对照组的竹叶不喷。通过圈养小熊猫的自由选择摄食试验,观察它们摄食试验组和对照组竹叶的先后顺序,并测定竹叶的摄食量。结果表明:①受试小熊猫优先选择试验组的竹叶摄食。②在一天里的不同时段,受试小熊猫摄食试验组竹叶的平均增食量和增食率分别为43.03—98.54g和54.80%—94.37%。因此,竹叶增食剂对圈养小熊猫而言能够增强竹叶的诱食性,并具有显著的增食竹叶效果。According to the characteristics of familiar food aroma and favorite food taste,ingestive behavior habits,olfactory and gustatory physiological features of captive red pandas,this study had developed one kind of the bamboo leaf intake enhancer(BLIE)for captive red pandas.Through the olfactory and gustatory evaluations by professionals,BLIE had better aroma intensity,little above-medium pleasantness and diffusibility,obvious green scent,slight sweet smell,outstanding sweet taste.From late April to late June 2022,Chimonobambusa szechuanensis and Chimonobambusa purpurea were fed to 23 captive red pandas(8 females and 15 males)aged 1 to 10 years old.The test group′s bamboo leaves were sprayed with BLIE,while the control group′s bamboo leaves were not sprayed.Through free choice ingestion tests of the red pandas,this study observed the sequences which they ingested the test group′s bamboo leaves and control group′s bamboo leaves,and measured the bamboo leaf intakes.The results showed that:①Captive red pandas preferred to ingest the test group′s bamboo leaves.②During different periods throughout the day and night,average increasing intakes and the increasing intake rates of the test group′s bamboo leaves ingested by captive red pandas were 43.03-98.54g and 54.80%-94.37%,respectively.Therefore,BLIE could strengthen bamboo leaf ingestion inductivity and had significant effects of increasing bamboo leaf intakes for captive red pandas.

关 键 词：小熊猫 竹叶增食剂 嗅感品评 口感品评 饲喂效果 摄食机理 

分 类 号：S865.3[农业科学—野生动物驯养]