毛乌素沙区引种红枣叶片水分利用效率及其影响因子  

Water Use Efficiency of Leaves and its Influencing Factors for Jujubes Introduced in Mu Us Sandy Area

作　　者：毕郑文 丁宏博 刘玥婷 王雪姣 南琼 付广军 佟小刚 BI Zheng-wen;DING Hong-bo;LIU Yue-ting;WANG Xue-jiao;NAN Qiong;FU Guang-jun;TONG Xiao-gang(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;School of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Shaanxi Academy of Forestry,Xi’an 710082,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省林业科学院,西安710082

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第11期66-72,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：沙地特色植物高效栽培及病虫害防控技术研究与示范(2019TSLNYO03-01);陕西省农业专项资金项目“陕北丘陵区农林牧复合生产关键技术研发及其效益研究”。

摘　　要：为筛选适宜沙地栽培的高效水分利用效率(WUE)红枣品种,采用气体交换法和稳定碳同位素技术分别测定了榆林沙区引种的24个红枣品种叶片的瞬时和稳定WUE,并探讨了红枣成熟期、叶片光合生理指标,碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其化学计量比对红枣WUE的影响。结果表明:尽管不同品种红枣间瞬时WUE存在明显差异,但不如稳定WUE差异规律,与所有影响因子也无显著相关性。所有品种红枣稳定WUE总体表现为早熟>中熟>晚熟,其中早熟品种稳定WUE最高的是西农蛤蟆枣(105.4μmol/mol)、清涧蛤蟆枣(97.3μmol/mol);中熟品种最高的清涧红枣(94.9μmol/mol);晚熟最高的是短枝冬枣(90.1μmol/mol)。这些高WUE品种比稳定WUE比最低的临黄1号、秦宝冬枣、冷白玉高16.0%~35.7%。同时,早熟品种叶片N、P含量及δ^(13)C分别比中熟和晚熟品种平均高出27.1%、33.3%、2.1%,但C/N、N/P、C/P分别比中熟和晚熟品种平均低21.2%、6.8%、27.4%。相关分析表明,稳定WUE与叶片N含量、δ^(13)C达到极显著正相关,与净光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素b呈显著正相关,但与叶片C/N极显著负相关。综上分析,榆林沙区引种的红枣以早熟品种WUE较高,并且高的叶片N含量、δ^(13)C、净光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素b以及低的CN是形成高效WUE的关键因子。In order to choose the high water use efficiency (WUE) varieties suitable for sand land cultivation,gas exchange method and stable carbon isotope technique were used to determine the instantaneous and stable WUE of 24 red jujube varieties introduced in Yulin sand area At the same time,the effects of mature period,photosynthetic characteristics,contents of carbon (C),nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and its stoichiometric ratio in jujube leaves on WUE of jujube were discussed as well.The results showed that although there were significant differences of instantaneous WUE among the jujube varieties,it was not as consistent as that of stable WUE and had no significant correlation with all the influencing factors.The stable WUE of all jujube varieties showed an overall trend of early maturing>medium maturing>late maturing.For early maturing varieties,the highest stable WUE of jujube was Xinong (105.4μmol/mol) and Qingjian toad jujube (97.3μmol mol),while for medium maturing varieties,the Qingjian jujube showed the highest stable WUE by 94.9μmol/mol.The short branch winter jujube has the highest stable WUE by 90.1μmol/mol in the late maturing varieties.These jujube varieties with high WUE were 16.0%~35.7%higher than Linhuang No 1,Qinbao winter jujube,Leng baiyu,which had the lowest stable WUE.Meanwhile,the N content,P content and δ^(13)C of early maturing jujube varieties were 27.1%,33.3%and 2.1%higher than those of medium and late maturing jujube varieties respectively.But the C/N,N/P,C/P were 21.2%,6.8%and 27.4%lower than those of medium and late maturing jujube varieties respectively Correlation analysis showed that stable WUE was significantly positively correlated with leaf N content and δ^(13)C,significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and chlorophyll b,but significantly negatively correlated with leaf C/N.In conclusion,the early maturing varieties of jujube introduced in Yulin sand area kept the highest WUE in all jujube varieties and the high N content,δ^(13)C,

关 键 词：红枣 光合特性 水分利用效率 碳稳定同位素 毛乌素沙地 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]