成瘾人群的自由意志及其增强路径  

Free Will of the Addicts’ and Its Enhancement Approach

作　　者：张永军 张效初 ZHANG Yongjun;ZHANG Xiaochu(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,University of Science and Technology,Hefei,Anhui,230026;School of Foreign Languages,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei,Anhui,230601;School of Life Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,230022)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [2]安徽建筑大学外国语学院,安徽合肥230601 [3]中国科学技术大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2022年第11期26-34,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“酒精使用障碍共病其他精神障碍的心理特征及神经机制”(项目编号:31771221);中国科学技术大学新文科基金项目“人工智能的基础哲学理论研究”(项目编号:YD2110002012);安徽省高校人文社科重点项目(项目编号:SK2019A0661)。

摘　　要：成瘾人群有无自由意志这一问题在西方哲学界和心理学界已引起较为深入的讨论。关于成瘾的疾病模型认为,在成瘾的语境中,成瘾者失去了自由意志;而自由选择模型和道德模型则肯定了成瘾者自由意志的存在。基于成瘾相关模型的分析,我们主张成瘾者的自由意志会因成瘾阶段的不同而呈现不同程度的弱化,并提出成瘾人群的自由意志连续体的概念;依靠成瘾者自身实现其自由意志的增强具有耗时长、损害大、具有反复性等明显弊端,而通过对成瘾记忆进行更新这一路径,能够短时间内在心理和行为两个维度上显著增强成瘾人群的自由意志,且增强效果呈现稳定性特征。此种基于记忆更新路径来增强成瘾者自由意志的方式也可以在康德的先验哲学理论中找到理据性支持。Whether addicts have free will or not has aroused an in-depth discussion in the fields of western philosophy and psychology.The disease model on addiction holds that the addicts lost their free will within the context of addiction,while the free choice model and the moral model confirm the existence of free will on the part of addicts.Based on the analyses of related addiction models,we propose that addicts’ free will can be weakened to different degrees due to their different phases of addiction,and thereby put forward the concept of addicts’ free will continuum.Enhancing the addicts’ free will on their own bears some obvious defects such as long time consumption,serious health problems and high relapse rate,while updating the addicts’ memory will not only remarkably enhance their free will within a short time in both psychological and behavioral dimensions,but also ensure a stable enhancement effect.Moreover,Kants’ transcendental philosophy theory has also provided ample evidence for the memory-updating approach in enhancing the addicts’ free will.

关 键 词：成瘾 自由意志增强 记忆更新 先验哲学 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] B848.4[哲学宗教—心理学]