酶联免疫法筛查HIV抗体在艾滋病诊断中的应用价值  

Application Value of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Screening HIV Antibodies in the Diagnosis of AIDS

作　　者：杨色娟 刘小六 YANG Sejuan;LIU Xiaoliu(Clinical Laboratory,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361022,China;Department of Blood Transfusion,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361022,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学附属第一医院检验科,福建厦门361022 [2]厦门大学附属第一医院输血科,福建厦门361022

出　　处：《临床医学工程》2022年第11期1519-1520,共2页Clinical Medicine & Engineering

摘　　要：目的分析酶联免疫法(ELISA)筛查人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体在艾滋病诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月我院疑似艾滋病患者137例,晨起空腹采集研究对象6 mL肘正中静脉血并进行离心处理,分别应用ELISA及胶体金法进行HIV抗体检测,对比两种检测方法的诊断结果。结果137例疑似艾滋病患者中,最终确诊阳性121例,阴性16例,阳性检出率为88.32%。ELISA阳性检出率为85.40%(117/137),明显高于胶体金法的68.61%(94/137),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ELISA的灵敏度、准确度分别为95.04%、85.40%,明显高于胶体金法的73.55%、68.61%(P<0.05)。ELISA的特异度、阳性预测值与胶体金法比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论ELISA筛查HIV抗体在艾滋病诊断中具有较高的应用价值,值得临床应用及推广。Objective To analyze the application value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in screening human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)antibodies in the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).Methods 137 suspected AIDS patients from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected,and 6 mL of median cubital venous blood was collected on an empty stomach in the morning and centrifuged.ELISA and colloidal gold method were used to detected HIV antibodies.The diagnostic results of the two methods were compared.Results Among the 137 suspected AIDS patients,121 were confirmed positive and 16 were negative,with the positive detection rate of 88.32%.The positive rate of ELISA was 85.40%(117/137),significantly higher than 68.61%(94/137)of colloidal gold method(P<0.05).The sensitivity and accuracy of ELISA were 95.04%and 85.40%respectively,significantly higher than 73.55%and 68.61%of colloidal gold method(P<0.05).No statistical difference was found in the specificity and positive predictive value between ELISA and colloidal gold method(P>0.05).Conclusions ELISA in screening HIV antibodies has higher application value in the diagnosis of AIDS,which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

关 键 词：酶联免疫法 胶体金法 HIV抗体 艾滋病 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]