中共创建史尚需探讨之问题  

On the Problems Needing to be Further Explored into the History of the Founding of the Communist Party of China

作　　者：牛大勇[1] NIU Dayong(Department of History,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《云梦学刊》2022年第6期36-46,共11页Journal of Yunmeng

摘　　要：历史研究应避免人们(包括当事人)把后来的观念层层累加进既往的时空。在史料不足或相互矛盾的情况下,对“历史真相”的探索往往是一个不断演进的过程,不仅仅要追求某种“定论”,也要揭示有些问题的真相仍存有多种可能性,值得进一步研究。中共成立于1920年夏并有了一批正式党员,才在1921年召开第一次代表大会,而不是反之。中共不是在孤立隔绝的环境中自行诞生的,共产国际的代表对中共建党帮助极大,但对中共初期的组织状况有所轻视和挑剔。有关中共创立和“一大”的史料仍有一些“漏洞”和缺失。但“12名代表”之说记载于1921年共产国际的两个文献中,代表名单有1928年6月的中共“六大”文献和1929年张国焘的讲稿相互印证,所以目前不能被否定。比较各种材料,各地派出13名代表到会,张国焘借故把何叔衡支走,因而只有12名代表继续开会的可能性很大。说包惠僧身份特殊,不是正式代表,此说缺乏过硬的史料依据。Historical studies should avoid that people,including the person participated in the events,accumulate the later ideas into the past time and space layer by layer.In the case of insufficient or contradictory historical materials,the exploration of"historical truth"is often an evolving process,not only to pursue certain"conclusions",but also to reveal that there are still many possibilities for the truth,which is therefore worthy of further study.The Communist Party of China(CPC)was founded in the summer of 1920 and had a group of formal members.Then it was only in July 1921 that the"First National Congress"was held,not vice versa.The Communist Party was not born on its own in isolation.The representatives of the Comintern were extremely helpful in building the Party,but they were contemptuous and critical of the initial organizational situation of the CPC.There are still some"loopholes"and deficiencies in the historical materials related to the founding of the CPC and the"First National Congress".However,the terms of"12 representatives"was recorded in two documents of the Comintern in 1921,and the list of the 12 representatives was mutually verified by the documents of the"Sixth National Congress of the CPC"in June 1928 and Zhang Guotao's speech notes in 1929,so it cannot be denied at present.By comparing various materials,13 representatives from various places were sent to the meeting,and Zhang Guotao took the excuse to send He Shuheng away,so only 12 representatives were likely to continue the meeting.It is said that Bao Huiseng was special and not a formal representative,which lacks solid historical data.

关 键 词：中共建党 “一大” 何叔衡 毛泽东 张国焘 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]