哈密市饲料玉米新玉60产量和肥料利用率研究  

Study on Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Feed Maize Xinyu 60 in Hami City Area

作　　者：张铃雅 程军回 玉素甫江·玉素音 张小龙 黄国飞 丁爱琴 盛建东[1,2] ZHANG Ling-ya;CHENG Jun-hui;Yusufujiang Yusuyin;ZHANG Xiao-long;HUANG Guo-fei;DING Ai-qin;SHENG Jian-dong(College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052,China;Hami Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Xinjiang,Urumqi 839000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆哈密市农业技术推广服务中心,哈密839000

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2022年第2期151-157,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：2020年中央财政农业资源及生态保护补助资金项目(2020A01002-3)。

摘　　要：为明确哈密市玉米氮、磷和钾肥利用效率,本研究采用田间试验,以饲料玉米新玉60为研究对象,共设氮磷钾配施、磷钾配施、氮钾配施和氮磷配施4个处理,在4个生育期(苗期、拔节期、抽雄期、成熟期)对其株高、茎粗和干物质累积与分配进行测量,试验结束时测定了玉米产量,计算氮、磷、钾肥利用效率。结果发现,与氮磷钾配施处理相比,磷钾配施处理显著降低了玉米株高,氮钾配施处理显著降低了玉米茎粗;磷钾配施处理显著降低了玉米干物质累积,降幅达11.98%~17.74%;磷钾配施、氮钾配施和氮磷配施处理分别减产24.43%、22.56%和20.74%。氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为34.91%、12.82%和48.74%;农学利用效率分别为2.44、2.59和6.70 kg/kg;偏生产力分别为37.83、50.44和139.21 kg/kg。研究结果表明,新玉60在哈密市对肥料养分的依存度较高,合理施肥是保持高产高效的重要前提。To clarify N,P and K fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize in Hami City by carrying out field experiments with the feed corn Xinyu 60 as the research object.Four treatments(NPK,PK,NK and NP)were set up to measure the plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and distribution in four growth stages(seedling stage,jointing stage,tasseling stage and mature stage)of maize.At the end of the experiment,the yield of maize was measured and the fertilizer utilization efficiency of N,P and K was calculated.It was found that compared with the NPK treatment,the plant height and stem diameter of maize were significantly decreased in PK and NK treatments PK treatment significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation of maize by 11.98%-17.74%and PK,NK and NP treatments reduced production by 24.43%,22.56%and 20.74%,respectively.The fertilizer utilization rates of N,P and K were 34.91%,12.82%and 48.74%;The agricultural utilization efficiency were 2.44,2.59 and 6.70 kg/kg;The partial productivity were 37.83,50.44 and 139.21 kg/kg,respectively.The results showed that maize in Hami had a high dependence on fertilizer nutrients,and rational fertilization was an important prerequisite to maintain high yield and efficiency.

关 键 词：饲料玉米 产量 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]