白头翁种子休眠机制及破眠技术研究  

The Study on Dormancy Mechanism of Pulsatilla chinensis Seeds and Technology of Breaking Dormancy

作　　者：董燕婧 钟国跃 秦倩 牛艺鸣 陈咪咪 张寿文 DONG Yanjing;ZHONG Guoyao;QIN Qian;NIU Yiming;CHEN Mimi;ZHANG Shouwen(Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China)

机构地区：[1]江西中医药大学中药资源与民族药研究中心,南昌330004

出　　处：《种子》2022年第10期34-42,共9页Seed

基　　金：2020年江西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S 202010412094);2020年中国民族医药学会科研项目(2020 ZY 148-680006)。

摘　　要：通过研究白头翁种子吸水特性、种皮透性、种胚成熟度、种子萌发抑制物以及种子破眠方法等,分析白头翁种子休眠机制,确定种子休眠类型,寻找有效打破白头翁种子休眠的方法。结果表明,白头翁种子浸泡10 h左右吸水饱和;不同浓度的过氧化氢处理种子,同一时间下,种子百粒重差异不显著;白头翁种子种皮透性较好,不会阻止种子吸收水分;种子成熟时胚多处于球形胚、心形胚阶段,发育不完全;不同浓度的种子浸提液对白菜种子发芽有抑制作用,白头翁种子含有萌发抑制物;150 mg/L GA_(3)能够促进白头翁种子萌发,发芽率、发芽指数较高;暖层积+较低温暖层积的处理方法可以缩短种子萌发时间,种子萌发相对较集中,整个萌发周期缩短。综合分析表明,白头翁种子成熟时胚发育不完全,萌发抑制物是导致其休眠的主要原因;GA_(3)可以促进白头翁种子萌发,变温层积可以促进种子萌发;初步判断白头翁种子休眠类型为中度简单形态生理休眠。By studying the water absorption characteristics,seed coat permeability,seed embryo maturity,seed germination inhibitors and seed dormancy methods of Pulsatilla chinensis seeds,the dormancy mechanism of Pulsatilla chinensis seeds was analyzed,the types of seed dormancy were determined,and an effective method to break the dormancy of Pulsatilla chinensis seeds was found.The results showed that Pulsatilla chinensis seeds soaked for about 10 hours were saturated with water.Different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide treated the seeds,at the same time point,the difference in the 100-grain weight of the seeds was not significant.The seed coat of Pulsatilla chinensis had better permeability and would not prevent the seeds from absorbing water.When the seeds were mature,the embryos were mostly in the stage of spherical embryos and heart-shaped embryos,and the development was incomplete.Different concentrations of seed extracts had certain inhibitory effects on the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds,and there were certain germination inhibitors in Pulsatilla chinensis seeds.150 mg/L GA_(3) could promote the germination of Pulsatilla chinensis seeds,and the seed germination rate and germination index were higher.The treatment method of warm stratification+lower warm stratification could shorten the seed germination time,and the seed germination was relatively concentrated,and the whole germination period was shortened.The comprehensive analysis showed that the embryo devoloped incompletely and the existence of certain inhibitors in the seeds of Pulsatilla chinensis were the main reasons for their dormancy.Both GA_(3) and warm stratification could promote the seed germination of Pulsatilla chinensis.It was preliminarily judged that the seed dormancy type of Pulsatilla chinensis was moderate simple morphological physiological dormancy.

关 键 词：白头翁 种子 休眠机制 休眠类型 破眠方法 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]