2002—2021年内蒙古自治区普通玉米审定品种性状演变及综合分析  

Variety Trait Evolution Approval and Comprehensive Analysis of Common Maize in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2002 to 2021

作　　者：余忠浩 周亚星[1] 周伟[1] 王静 张立东 YU Zhonghao;ZHOU Yaxing;ZHOU Wei;WANG Jing;ZHANG Lidong(Agricultural College of Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028043,China;Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000,China;Tongliao National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Development Service Center,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028043 [2]通辽市农牧局,内蒙古通辽028000 [3]通辽国家农业科技园区发展服务中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《种子》2022年第10期139-148,共10页Seed

基　　金：内蒙古民族大学科学研究项目(BS 621);内蒙古自治区哲学社会科学规划项目“自治区第十一次党代会精神研究”专项课题--种业科技创新助力内蒙古保障国家粮食安全研究(2022 ZZB 001)。

摘　　要：为更好地了解内蒙古自治区玉米品种演变规律及骨干自交系利用情况,进一步促进玉米育种发展,对2002—2021年间内蒙古自治区审定的821个普通玉米品种的9个农艺性状指标进行分析。结果表明,内蒙古自治区玉米新品种选育机构主要来源于4个方向,分别为科研院所、企业、个人选育和合作育成,其中由企业直接育成的品种数目最多,占全部品种的78.81%。亲本骨干自交系的来源较为广泛,属于唐四平头群的黄早四衍生自交系昌7-2、K 12和吉853,Ried群的K 10和Lancaster群体的Mo 17等。20年间内蒙古自治区审定的玉米品种各农艺性状变异系数在2.49%~16.74%之间,其中变异系数较高的是穗位、株高、产量和百粒重4个性状,表明这几个性状在性状演替中变化最大。玉米各农艺性状间均有较强的关联性。审定品种的平均产量和株高在不断上升,除早熟品种的穗位高度呈先下降后上升趋势外,中、晚熟玉米品种的农艺性状如百粒重、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、穗粒数、穗位和出籽率在不断下降。通过主成分分析和DTOPSIS两种分析方法筛选出13个综合性状优良的玉米品种,可进一步改良其亲本自交系参与玉米新品种的选育。内蒙古自治区审定玉米品种的农艺性状演变趋势基本符合随着种植密度的提高而导致玉米单株生物量下降的变化,在今后的育种过程中应注意提高玉米的耐密性并兼顾各性状间的互作关系,培育耐密、高产、优质和适宜机械化作业的玉米新品种。In order to better understand the evolution of maize varieties and utilization of backbone inbred lines in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,nine agronomic traits of 821 common maize varieties from 2002 to 2021 in Inner Mongolia were collected and analyzed.The results showed that the breeding institutions of new maize varieties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region mainly came from four directions,which were scientific research institutes,enterprises,individuals and cooperative breeding,among which the varieties directly bred by enterprises were the most,accounting for 78.81%of all varieties.The backbone inbred lines were from a wide range of sources,including the inbred lines Chang 7-2,K 12 and Ji 853 derived from HuangzaoⅣbelonging to the Tangsiping head group,K 10 from Ried group and Mo 17 from Lancaster group,etc.The variation coefficients of agronomic traits of maize varieties approved in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ranged from 2.49 to 16.74 in the past 20 years,among which the higher variation coefficients were ear position,plant height,yield and 100-grain weight,indicating that these traits changed the most during trait succession.There was strong correlation among the agronomic characters of maize.The average yield and plant height of the Approval varieties were increasing,and the agronomic traits such as 100-grain weight,ear length,ear diameter,ear rows,ear grains,ear position and seed rate of the early maturing varieties were decreasing,except that the ear position height of the early maturing varieties was decreasing first and then increasing.Thirteen maize varieties with excellent comprehensive characters were screened by principal component analysis and DTOPSIS,which could be further improved to participate in the breeding of new maize varieties.The evolution trend of agronomic traits of maize varieties approval by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was in line with the increase of planting density and caused change of the corn plant biomass decline,it was necessary to pay attention to take the

关 键 词：玉米 农艺性状 骨干自交系 综合分析 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]