西宁盆地黄土区坡形及植被类型对坡面土壤入渗影响  

Effects of Slope Shape and Vegetation Type on Soil Infiltration on Slope in the Loess Area of Xining Basin

作　　者：杨馥铖 李姜瑶 余冬梅[2,3] 刘昌义 缪晓星[5] 王延秀 胡夏嵩 卢海静[6] 付江涛 闫聪 何伟鹏 YANG Fucheng;LI Jiangyao;YU Dongmei;LIU Changyi;MIU Xiaoxing;WANG Yanxiu;HU Xiasong;LU Haijing;FU Jiangtao;YAN Cong;HE Weipeng(Department of Geological Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016;Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008;Qinghai Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes,Xining 810008;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Qinghai Soil and Water Conservation Research Center,Xining 810000;School of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016;Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016)

机构地区：[1]青海大学地质工程系,西宁810016 [2]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,西宁810008 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]青海省水土保持中心,西宁810000 [6]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [7]青海大学农林科学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第6期30-40,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目(2020-ZJ-906);国家自然科学基金项目(42041006,41572306);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0905);青海大学地质资源与地质工程重点学科建设项目(41250103)。

摘　　要：为进一步探讨青藏高原东北部黄土区草本植物护坡机理,选取西宁盆地长岭沟流域自建试验区,通过设计2种不同坡形和选取适宜当地气候条件生长的3种草本植物,采用野外试验区人工模拟降雨方法,首先分析了坡面土壤水文参数(土壤入渗、坡面土体含水量)分布变化,进而探讨了影响种植草本坡面土壤水分入渗的主要因素与特征,最后对坡面土壤水分入渗过程进行模型模拟与评价。结果表明:种植垂穗披碱草阶梯形边坡产流时间相对最晚,直形裸坡阶段产流量最大,其最大阶段累积径流量在降雨试验40~45 min时,为17730 mL;2种坡形边坡坡面平均稳定入渗速率由大到小依次为阶梯形种植垂穗披碱草边坡(0.519 mm/min)、直形垂穗披碱草边坡(0.423 mm/min)、直形老芒麦边坡(0.422 mm/min)、直形细茎冰草边坡(0.318 mm/min)、阶梯形裸坡(0.321 mm/min)和直形裸坡(0.192 mm/min),且种植垂穗披碱草和老芒麦边坡土体含水量在地表以下0—50 cm增幅相对最高,说明种植草本有助于边坡土体内部水分入渗。在此基础上,采用Horton模型、Kostiakov模型和通用经验模型进行坡面土壤水分入渗模拟,结果表明直形边坡土壤水分入渗过程以Horton模型和通用经验模型的拟合效果相对较为理想;阶梯形边坡则以Horton模型得到的土壤水分入渗拟合效果相对最优;最后,通过Pearson相关性分析得出,区内边坡土壤水分入渗特性主要影响因素为土壤有机质与植被覆盖度,且土壤有机质与初始入渗率间呈显著正相关关系(R^(2)为0.986),植被覆盖度与稳定入渗率间则呈极显著相关关系(R^(2)为0.997)。研究结果对于科学有效防治高寒半干旱区水土流失以及研究不同植被类型及坡形水土保持能力具有理论研究价值和实际指导意义。To further explore the mechanism of slope protection by herbaceous plants in the loess region of northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the Changlinggou catchment in Xining Basin was selected as the testing area.By designing two different slope shapes and selecting three herbaceous plants suitable for the local climatic conditions,and using the method of artificial rainfall simulation based on the field experimental area,the distribution and transformation of slope soil hydrological parameters(soil infiltration,soil moisture content)were analyzed first,then characteristics of soil water infiltration and its main influence factors on the slope of planting herbs were discussed.Finally,the process of soil water infiltration on the slope was simulated and evaluated.The results showed that the runoff generation time of the terraced slope planted with Elymus nutans in the area was the latest,and the maximum runoff occurred in straight bare slope,and the maximum stage cumulative runoff was 17730 mL when the artificial rainfall time was 40~45 min.The average stable infiltration rate of the six different types of slope in the region from large to small was terraced slope planted with E.nutans(0.519 mm/min),straight slope planted with E.nutans(0.423 mm/min),straight slope planted with Elymus sibiricus(0.422 mm/min),straight slope planted with Agropyron trachycaulum(0.318 mm/min),terraced bare slope(0.321 mm/min),straight bare slope(0.192 mm/min).The increase of soil moisture content at 0-50 cm below the surface of the slope planted with E.nutans and E.sibiricus were relatively the highest,indicating that planting herbs was conducive to the internal water infiltration of slope soil.On this basis,Horton model,Kostiakov model and general empirical model were used to simulate moisture infiltration on slope.The results showed that Horton model and general empirical model were more suitable for fitting soil moisture infiltration on straight slope.While Horton model was more suitable for fitting soil moisture infiltration process on

关 键 词：寒旱环境 西宁盆地 黄土区 植被护坡 土壤入渗 入渗模型 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]