不同草本植被过滤带对径流中氮磷的生态阻控效果  

Ecological Control Effect of Different Herbaceous Vegetative Filter Belts on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Runoff

作　　者：徐晗 鄢紫薇 胡荣桂[1] 谢翰 郑志杰 冯明磊 郑勇 王砚[1] 林杉[1] XU Han;YAN Ziwei;HU Ronggui;XIE Han;ZHENG Zhijie;FENG Minglei;ZHENG Yong;WANG Yan;LIN Shan(Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Recourses and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Power China Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited,Kunming 650051)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司,昆明650051

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第6期140-147,155,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：武汉市科技计划项目(2020020601012284);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901202);云南省科技人才与平台计划项目(202205AF150004)。

摘　　要：为明确在不同条件下植被过滤带对地表径流氮、磷的阻控规律,分别构建百慕大、马尼拉、高羊茅、玉龙草等4种植被过滤带和裸地对照组过滤带,通过模拟3种污染物浓度和3种水力负荷强度的径流,探讨不同草本植被过滤带对表流和渗流中的氮、磷的阻控效果。结果表明,与对照组相比,植被过滤带显著提高土壤系统对径流以及来水中的氮、磷等污染物的拦截能力,在3种水力负荷强度下,百慕大、马尼拉、高羊茅、玉龙草和裸地对照组的平均径流拦截率分别为56.10%,54.28%,63.16%,60.53%和39.10%,4种植被的径流拦截率均显著高于对照组(p<0.05);4种植被覆盖均显著降低表渗流量比,提高土壤的入渗能力;水力负荷强度的提高降低植被过滤带对NH_(4)^(+)—N和TP的去除效率,但植被过滤带去除率降低的幅度小于对照组;在一定范围内,渗流中TN、NO_(3)^(-)—N和TP的去除率随着来水中氮、磷浓度增加而提高;在一定的水力负荷下,根冠比越低的植被削减径流的能力越强。In order to clarify the blockage and control law of nitrogen and phosphorus in simulated runoff under different conditions,five vegetative buffer strips were constructed with control,Cynodon dactylon,Zoysia matrella,Festuca elata and Ophiopogon japonicus,and the blockage and control effects on nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)in surface flow and seepage were explored by simulating runoff with different pollutant concentrations.The results showed that compared with the control,the vegetative buffer strips significantly improved the interception ability of the soil system on runoff and pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the incoming water,and the average runoff reduction rates of the filter strips of Cynodon dactylon,Zoysia matrella,Festuca elata,Ophiopogon japonicus and the control group were 56.10%,54.28%,63.16%,60.53%and 39.10%respectively under three hydraulic load intensities.The runoff reduction rates of all four plantings were significantly higher than those of the control(p<0.05).All four plantings significantly reduced the surface infiltration ratio and improved the infiltration capacity of the soil.The increase in hydraulic load intensity reduced the removal efficiency of NH_(4)^(+)—N and total P(TP)in the vegetated filter zone,but the reduction in the removal rate of the vegetated treatment was less than that of the control.Within a certain range,the removal rates of total N(TN),NO_(3)^(-)—N and TP in the seepage increased with the increase of N and P concentrations in the incoming water.Under a certain hydraulic load,the vegetative with low root to shoot ratio has a stronger ability to reduce runoff.

关 键 词：植被过滤带 径流 污染负荷 氮拦截率 磷拦截率 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S157[农业科学—土壤学]