牧草种植对黄河三角洲盐碱土壤改良效果的动态监测及综合评价  

Dynamic Monitoring and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effect of Pasture Cultivation on Saline Soil Improvement in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：窦晓慧 李红丽[1] 盖文杰 许婷婷 吴其聪 安淳淳 潘嘉琛 董智[1] DOU Xiaohui;LI Hongli;GAI Wenjie;XU Tingting;WU Qicong;AN Chunhun;PAN Jiachen;DONG Zhi(Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University,Taishan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Research Station,Tai’an,Shandong 271018;Dongying Hekou District Forestry Development Service Center,Dongying,Shandong 257299;Feicheng Administrative Examination and Approval Service Bureau,Feicheng,Shandong 271600)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,泰山森林生态系统定位研究站,山东泰安271018 [2]东营市河口区林业发展服务中心,山东东营257299 [3]肥城市行政审批服务局,山东肥城271600

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第6期394-401,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：山东省农业科技资金(林业科技创新)项目(2019LY005-03)。

摘　　要：为揭示牧草种植改良盐碱地的效果,更好地开发利用后备土地资源。以黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地为研究对象,采用小区试验、野外取样、室内测试相结合的方法,研究了高丹草、甜高粱和墨西哥玉米3种一年生牧草在1个生长期内对黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤物理、化学和酶活性改良效果的动态变化,并依据土壤质量指数综合评价了改良效果。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量、pH和电导率随生长时间增加呈下降趋势,高丹草和墨西哥玉米在生长旺盛期对土壤pH的降低效果最明显,甜高粱在收获期降低pH的效果最好。3种牧草土壤电导率较CK均显著降低,对20—40 cm土层的降低效果优于0—20 cm土层,其中墨西哥玉米效果最好。(2)种植不同牧草对土壤养分含量有明显改善,其中土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量有显著提升,但对土壤速效钾含量影响不大。(3)3种牧草在不同生长期内对土壤酶活性的影响不同,在生长旺盛期土壤酶活性最强,均显著增强土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶的活性,其中甜高粱对过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性影响最大。(4)不同牧草对盐碱土壤改良指标的贡献值存在差异,综合土壤理化性质、养分含量和土壤酶活性作为土壤评价指标,种植不同牧草后土壤质量从高到低依次为甜高粱>高丹草>墨西哥玉米>CK。研究结果可为黄河三角洲地区盐碱地的植物修复技术和筛选及引进国内外具有高效生态经济效益的耐盐植物提供理论依据和重要参考。In order to reveal the effect of forage grass planting on improving saline alkali land and better develop and utilize the reserve land resources, the coastal saline alkali land in the Yellow River Delta was taken as the research object, using the methods of plot experiments, field sampling and indoor tests, we investigated the dynamic changes of physical, chemical and enzymatic activities of saline soils planted three annual forage grasses(Sorghum bicolor × sudanense, Sorghum bicolor ‘Dochna’, Purus frumentum) during a growing period, and comprehensively evaluated the improvement effects based on the soil quality index. The results showed that:(1) Soil water content, pH and conductivity showed a decreasing trend with the increasing of growth time, and the most significant reduction in soil pH was observed for Sorghum bicolor × sudanense and P. frumentum during the vigorous growth period, and the best reduction in pH was observed at the harvest stage of Sorghum bicolor ‘Dochna’. The soil conductivities of all three forage grasses were significantly lower than that of CK, and the reduction effect on 20—40 cm soil layer was better than that on 0—20 cm soil layer, among which P. frumentum was the best.(2) Planting of different forage grasses significantly improved soil nutrient content, and the content of soil organic matter, avail nitrogen and avail phosphorus increased significantly, but had little effect on soil avail potassium content.(3) The three forage grasses had different effects on soil enzyme activities at different growth periods. During the vigorous growth period, the soil enzyme activity was the strongest, and activities of soil catalase, sucrase and urease significantly enhanced. Sorghum bicolor ‘Dochna’ had the greatest effect on activities of catalase and sucrase.(4) There were differences in the contribution of different forage grasses to the improvement index of saline alkali soil. Taking soil physical and chemical properties, nutrient content and soil enzyme activity as soil eval

关 键 词：牧草 盐碱地 生物改良 土壤质量评价 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学]